Table 3. Neuro-imaging abnormalities and associations with HIV-1-related parameters.

	ventricular enlargement and/or sulcal widening (CT and MRI, N = 59)		white matter lesions (MRI,N = 39)
Variable	Present (N = 17)	p-value	Present (N = 15)	p-value
Age	3.3	0.136	5.3	0.419
Median years (IQR)	(IQR 1.3–5.2)		(IQR 1.8–9.5)
AIDS N (%)
Yes	24 (42%)	0.066	9 (56%)	0.208
No	35 (20%)		30 (33%)
CD4+ T cell % at neuro-imaging N (%)
<15%	10 (40%)	0.308	7 (71%)	0.062
>15%	49 (27%)		32 (31%)
CD4+ T cell % nadir
N (%)
<15%	20 (40%)	0.146	12 (58%)	0.090
>15%	39 (23%)		27 (30%)
HIV VL peak	5.5	0.284	5.5	0.035
Median log copies/ml (IQR)	(IQR 4.4–6.2)		(IQR 4.7–6.0)
HIV VL in CSF N (%)
<500	13 (38%)	0.223	10 (20%)	0.035
>500	16 (19%)		10 (70%)
Date of birth N (%)
<1996	19 (21%)	0.279	8 (50%)	0.360
1996–2003	34 (29%)	0.571	25 (40%)	0.534
>2003	6 (50%)	0.225	6 (17%)	0.237
Duration of ART	0.9	0.828	3.5	0.702
Median years (IQR)	(IQR 0.04–2.9)		(IQR 1.1–6.5)
Duration PI- regimen	0.08	0.481	3.7	0.786
Median years(IQR)	(IQR 0.02–2.8)		(IQR 1.3–4.9)
Duration NNRTI-regimen	1.1	0.586	1.1	0.877
Median years (IQR)	(IQR 0.4–2.9)		(IQR 0.1–1.3)

Continuous data are described as median and interquartile ranges. Statistical comparisons were made by using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV VL, HIV viral load; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.