Table 2.
Study characteristics - hip
| Study, Year | Patients lost to follow-up and/or excluded after randomization | Dose of TXA | Method of TXA administration | Control | Transfusion criteria | Method of measuring blood loss | Deep vein thrombosis screening method | DVT prophylaxis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Benoni, 2000[29] |
1 |
10 mg/kg at end of operation + again three hours later. |
IV |
S |
Clinical condition |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam. |
Klexane. |
|
Benoni, 2001[33] |
2 |
10 mg/kg - max = 1 gram over 5–10 minutes, immediately before operation started. |
IV |
S |
Clinical decision. Usually Hb < 80–100 g/L. |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam. |
Klexane. |
|
Husted, 2003[25] |
0 |
10 mg/kg for 10 minutes, 15 minutes prior to incision + 1 mg/kg/hr for 10 hours. |
IV |
S |
Hb < 25% + clinical symptoms. |
Drain + transfusions + swabs |
Clinical exam +/− ultrasound + follow-up 3 months post-op. |
Low molecular weight heparin. |
|
Yamasaki, 2004[40] |
0 |
1000 mg 5 minutes prior to operation. |
IV |
Non-TXA |
N/R |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam + ascending phlebography. |
None |
|
Garneti, 2004[14] |
0 |
10 mg/kg. |
IV |
S |
N/R |
Swabs + drain |
Belfast scan, duplex scan or venogram - fifth postoperative day. |
DTV stockings + foot pumps. |
|
Lemay, 2004[34] |
1 |
Test dose 1 mL. 10 mg/kg prior to surgery. 1 mg/kg/hr infusion until wound closure. |
IV |
S |
90 g/L or 70 g/L – dependant on patient. |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam daily + ultrasound of both inferior limbs between post-op days 5–10 or earlier if symptoms present. |
Dalteparin. |
|
Johansson, 2005[26] |
19 |
15 mg/kg single injection. |
IV |
S |
Hb < 90 g/L |
Swabs + drain + Hb balance method. |
Clinical exam +/−ultrasound. |
Fragmin. |
|
Niskanen, 2005[30] |
1 |
Three doses of 10 mg/kg. 1st over 5–10 minutes immediately before operation. 2nd + 3rd, 8 hrs + 16 hours after operation |
IV |
S |
Hct 28% - 30% + clinical situation |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam +/− ultrasound. |
Dalteparin. |
|
Claeys, 2007[32] |
0 |
15 mg/kg. |
IV |
S |
Hb < 85 g/L or Hemocrit < 27%. |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam daily + ultrasound on tenth postoperative day. |
Fraxiparine. |
|
Kazemi, 2010[8] |
0 |
15 mg/kg slowly 5 minutes pre-operatively |
IV |
S |
Used allowable blood loss formula. |
Swabs + drain |
Clinical exam. |
Enoxaparin. |
|
Malhotra, 2011[20] |
0 |
15 mg/kg 15 minutes prior to surgery. |
IV |
S |
Reduction in Hb exceeding 25% + clinical symptoms. |
Swabs + drain |
Colour ultrasound on tenth post-op day. |
Low molecular weight heparin + elastic leg dressing. |
|
McConnell, 2011[38] |
0 |
10 mg/kg bolus at start of surgery. |
IV |
Non-TXA |
N/R |
Change in hemocrit method. |
N/R |
Stockings + early mobilization + aspirin |
| Imai, 2012[39] | 1 g 1) 10 minutes prior to skin closure 2) and again 2 hours later. 1 g 3) 10 minutes before surgery 4) and again 6 hours later. | IV | Non-TXA | N/R | Change in hemocrit method. | Whole body CT on 7th postoperative day. | Stockings + enoxaparin |
DVT – deep venous thrombosis, C – Control, TXA – tranexamic acid, S – saline, IV – intravenously, N/R – not reported.