Table 5.
Outcomes
| Variable at baseline | Patients who survived | Patients who died | Odds ratio | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (range), n = 999 | Median (range), n = 66 | Estimate (95% CI) | ||
| Creatinine phosphokinase (U/l) | 95 (9–7160) | 90.5 (10–1840) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.066 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.6 (0–14) | 1.1 (0.1–9.7) | 1.37 (1.19, 1.58) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 1.4 (0–36) | 14.25 (1.6–34.1) | 1.12 (1.09, 1.16) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 41.7 (14.3–76.1) | 34.9 (13.2–57.5) | 0.73 (0.66, 0.8) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.1 (4.1–25.4) | 11.7 (4.7–19) | 0.73 (0.66, 0.8) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/l) | 224 (26–4003) | 338 (31–5175) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.32) | 0.001 |
| Lymph (%) | 18 (0–92) | 7 (1–35) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Lymph absolute (×109/l) | 1.4 (0–35.1) | 0.7 (0.02–6.8) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil (%) | 70 (0–97) | 87 (16–98) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil absolute (×109/l) | 5.7 (0–26.9) | 8.6 (0.27–27.2) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.001a |
| Platelets (×109/l) | 231 (10–744) | 140 (3–551) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | <0.001 |
| White blood count (×109/l) | 8.5 (0.1–54) | 10.4 (0.3–29.2) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 0.179 |
| Patients who survived | Patients who died | Odds ratio | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent | Percent | Estimate (95% CI) | ||
| Any antiviral medications | 21.2 | 39.4 | 2.41 (1.44, 4.05) | <0.001a |
| Inhaled steroids | 18.4 | 18.2 | 1.00 (0.52, 1.91) | 1.00 |
| Systemic steroids | 23.7 | 36.4 | 1.88 (1.11, 3.1) | 0.02 |
| History of smoking | 30.3 | 50.0 | 2.30 (1.39, 3.79) | <0.001a |
| Medical history | ||||
| Asthma | 15.0 | 1.5 | 0.09 (0.01, 0.63) | 0.02a |
| Cardiovascular disorder | 12.7 | 30.3 | 2.99 (1.71, 5.21) | <0.001a |
| COPD | 3.0 | 9.1 | 3.23 (1.29, 8.06) | 0.01a |
| Diabetes | 8.7 | 18.2 | 2.33 (1.20, 4.52) | 0.01 |
| Immunodeficiency | 3.7 | 16.7 | 5.20 (2.52, 10.75) | <0.001 |
| Renal disorder | 3.5 | 10.6 | 3.27 (1.39, 7.67) | 0.01a |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Productive cough | 62.9 | 51.5 | 0.63 (0.38, 1.03) | 0.07 |
| Diarrhea | 7.5 | 3.0 | 0.39 (0.09, 1.60) | 0.19 |
| Dyspnea | 32.5 | 39.4 | 1.35 (0.81, 2.25) | 0.25 |
| Fatigue | 51.8 | 42.4 | 0.69 (0.42, 1.14) | 0.14 |
| Fever | 70.9 | 75.8 | 1.28 (0.72, 2.29) | 0.40 |
| Headache | 53.2 | 21.2 | 0.24 (0.13, 0.43) | <0.001 |
| Nausea | 18.9 | 1.5 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.48) | 0.01a |
| Rales/crepitations | 36.7 | 83.3 | 8.61 (4.45, 16.66) | <0.001 |
| Red eyes | 21.6 | 4.5 | 0.17 (0.05, 0.56) | <0.001a |
| Sore throat | 46.4 | 21.2 | 0.31 (0.17, 0.57) | <0.001 |
| Wheezing | 23.2 | 9.1 | 0.33 (0.14, 0.78) | 0.01a |
CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
When analysis for deaths attributed to ILI, the p-value was no longer <0.05.