(A) Western blots of proteins extracted from the hippocampi
of TSC2+/− mice and WT littermates, and probed with the
indicated antibodies. (B-C) Quantitative analyses of total and
phosphorylated p70S6K, respectively. Statistical analyses show that the levels
of p70S6K phosphorylated at Thr389 were significantly higher in the hippocampi
of the TSC2+/− mice compared to WT littermates.
(D-E) Quantitative analyses of total and phosphorylated 4E-BP1,
respectively, showed that the levels of 4E-BP1 phosphorylated at Ser65 were
significantly higher in the hippocampi of the TSC2+/− mice
compared to WT littermates. (F-G) Quantitative analyses of total
(detected by the tau 5 antibody) and phosphorylated (detected by the AT8
antibody) tau showed that endogenous mouse levels were significantly higher in
the hippocampi of the TSC2+/− mice compared to WT
littermates. (H) Quantitative analyses of the CDK5 band showed no
differences between the two groups of mice. (I-J) Quantitative
analyses of the total and phospho-GSK3β bands, respectively. Statistical
analyses indicated no changes in total GSK3β levels between the two
groups. In contrast, the levels of GSK3β phosphorylated at Ser9 were
significantly lower in the hippocampi of the TSC2+/− mice.
Quantifications of the Western blots were done by normalizing the protein of
interest to β-actin, which was used as a loading control. Data are
presented as means ± SEM and analyzed by student’s t-test.