Table 5. Differences between observed values and predictions in lung healthy individuals.

Parameter	Study	Mean difference	Mean difference, %	mean squared difference	Observed values above ULN / below LLN, %
Men (n = 154)
R5†	present study	0.0106	3.86	0.0054	5.84
	Newbury	0.0806	29.20	0.0125	16.23
	Care Fusion	-0.0293	-10.61	0.0072	1.30
R20†	present study	0.0111	5.23	0.0034	4.55
	Newbury	0.0031	1.48	0.0037	3.90
	Care Fusion	-0.0534	-25.24	0.0067	1.30
X5‡	present study	0.0003	-0.32	0.0009	3.90
	Newbury	-0.0199	21.35	0.0014	12.99
	Care Fusion	-0.0710	76.34	0.0061	0.65
Women (n = 243)
R5†	present study	-0.0029	-0.83	0.0061	4.12
	Newbury	-0.0210	-6.04	0.0075	0.00
	Care Fusion	-0.0584	-16.77	0.0105	0.00
R20†	present study	0.0037	1.43	0.0037	5.35
	Newbury	-0.0460	-17.77	0.0060	0.00
	Care Fusion	-0.0875	-33.77	0.0117	0.00
X5‡	present study	-0.0026	2.01	0.0017	4.53
	Newbury	0.0098	-7.56	0.0021	1.23
	Care Fusion	-0.0292	22.61	0.0030	0.41

^†above upper limit of normal (ULN), ^‡ below lower limit of normal (LLN).