Table 3.
Effects of Practice Culture on Diabetes Management Outcomes (Odds Ratio, p-value)
| Collegiality | Information Emphasis | Quality Emphasis | Management Style | Cohesiveness | Organizational Trust | Adaptive | Autonomy | Business Emphasis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examinations | |||||||||
| Vibration/Monofilament test | 1.6 (0.04) | 1.8 (0.02) | 1.2 (0.53) | 1.2 (0.42) | 1.6 (0.05) | 1.7 (0.02) | 1.1 (0.58) | 0.8 (0.33) | 1.5 (0.09) |
| Ulcers | 1.3 (0.21) | 1.1 (0.58) | 1.1 (0.61) | 1.1 (0.64) | 1.4 (0.18) | 1.6 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.64) | 0.7 (0.05) | 1.3 (0.16) |
| Foot Pulses | 1.1 (0.61) | 1.0 (1.00) | 0.9 (0.63) | 1.2 (0.47) | 1.1 (0.62) | 1.3 (0.31) | 0.9 (0.81) | 0.7 (0.15) | 1.2 (0.44) |
| Foot Exam | 0.9 (0.86) | 0.8 (0.63) | 1.0 (0.95) | 1.1 (0.72) | 1.2 (0.55) | 0.8 (0.40) | 0.9 (0.64) | 0.6 (0.10) | 0.6 (0.11) |
| Loss of sensation | 1.0 (0.85) | 1.0 (0.85) | 1.0 (0.89) | 1.2 (0.37) | 1.5 (0.12) | 1.3 (0.19) | 0.9 (0.69) | 0.6 (0.009) | 1.2 (0.51) |
| Altered biomechanics | 1.0 (0.99) | 0.9 (0.71) | 1.0 (1.00) | 1.3 (0.39) | 1.6 (0.14) | 1.5 (0.16) | 0.9 (0.82) | 0.7 (0.09) | 1.1 (0.77) |
| Increased pressure | 1.1 (0.74) | 1.0 (0.99) | 0.9 (0.77) | 0.7 (0.09) | 1.0 (0.87) | 1.0 (0.86) | 0.6 (0.09) | 0.7 (0.05) | 1.3 (0.24) |
| Bone deformity | 1.5 (0.26) | 0.8 (0.57) | 1.1 (0.70) | 1.1 (0.85) | 1.7 (0.18) | 1.2 (0.63) | 0.8 (0.47) | 0.5 (0.02) | 1.0 (0.92) |
| PVD Peripheral vascular disease | 0.7 (0.23) | 0.9 (0.62) | 0.7 (0.09) | 0.5 (0.004) | 0.8 (0.32) | 0.7 (0.09) | 0.7 (0.23) | 0.7 (0.09) | 1.0 (0.87) |
| Nail pathology | 1.2 (0.41) | 1.0 (0.96) | 1.3 (0.38) | 1.2 (0.45) | 1.5 (0.15) | 1.2 (0.56) | 0.7 (0.24) | 0.4 (<0.001) | 1.2 (0.43) |
| Fundoscopic exam | 0.8 (0.58) | 0.8 (0.71) | 0.9 (0.85) | 2.1 (0.14) | 1.0 (0.97) | 1.6 (0.32) | 0.5 (0.21) | 1.5 (0.35) | 2.1 (0.06) |
| Tests | |||||||||
| Fasting Glucose/HBA1C Test | 1.1 (0.83) | 0.8 (0.31) | 1.0 (0.99) | 1.0 (0.95) | 1.0 (0.95) | 1.3 (0.26) | 0.7 (0.21) | 0.7 (0.11) | 1.3 (0.32) |
| Fasting lipid profile | 1.1 (0.60) | 0.9 (0.79) | 1.0 (0.95) | 1.4 (0.18) | 1.3 (0.32) | 1.0 (0.86) | 0.9 (0.80) | 1.1 (0.77) | 1.2 (0.43) |
| Non-fasting lipid profile | 1.8 (0.23) | 1.0 (0.93) | 6.7 (0.02) | 2.1 (0.15) | 2.4 (0.15) | 2.8 (0.07) | 2.4 (0.08) | 1.0 (0.93) | 2.1 (0.09) |
| Medications | |||||||||
| Antidiabetic agents | 1.0 (0.93) | 1.1 (0.84) | 1.4 (0.27) | 1.0 (0.96) | 1.0 (0.90) | 1.2 (0.46) | 0.9 (0.55) | 0.8 (0.38) | 1.6 (0.05) |
| Anti-Platelets | 0.7 (0.21) | 1.3 (0.31) | 0.9 (0.60) | 1.0 (0.88) | 0.9 (0.82) | 1.0 (0.88) | 0.8 (0.38) | 0.9 (0.78) | 1.6 (0.05) |
| Lipid Medications | 1.0 (0.88) | 1.5 (0.25) | 1.7 (0.16) | 1.2 (0.54) | 1.0 (0.90) | 1.1 (0.84) | 0.6 (0.13) | 1.2 (0.61) | 1.4 (0.31) |
| Blood Pressure Medications | 1.0 (0.83) | 1.0 (0.92) | 0.9 (0.76) | 1.1 (0.78) | 1.0 (0.95) | 1.1 (0.77) | 0.7 (0.18) | 0.7 (0.11) | 1.0 (0.83) |
| Advice | |||||||||
| Foot self exams | 0.9 (0.67) | 1.1 (0.83) | 1.4 (0.26) | 1.0 (0.96) | 1.2 (0.45) | 1.1 (0.73) | 1.2 (0.40) | 0.7 (0.07) | 1.1 (0.74) |
| Increase compliance with other medications | 0.8 (0.35) | 0.9 (0.75) | 1.2 (0.37) | 1.1 (0.58) | 0.8 (0.50) | 1.2 (0.52) | 0.8 (0.38) | 1.0 (0.92) | 1.5 (0.05) |
| Referrals | |||||||||
| Podiatrist/Chiropodist | 1.6 (0.11) | 1.2 (0.46) | 2.5 (0.004) | 1.7 (0.06) | 2.0 (0.03) | 1.6 (0.09) | 0.9 (0.72) | 0.9 (0.61) | 1.1 (0.64) |
| Opthamologist | 1.2 (0.50) | 1.0 (0.97) | 1.6 (0.10) | 1.3 (0.29) | 1.6 (0.09) | 1.7 (0.04) | 1.1 (0.73) | 1.2 (0.51) | 1.0 (0.84) |
Bold = relationship is significant at 0.05 or below
An odds ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a positive relationship (i.e. for a one unit increase in organizational trust the odds that a physician will perform a vibration/monofilament exam are 1.7 times higher)
An odds ratio less than 1.0 indicates a negative relationship