TABLE 3.
Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals of Having Respiratory Disease Comparing Lowest Quintile With Highest Quintile of Measured Total Urinary Arsenic and Estimated Inorganic Arsenic
| Total arsenic |
Estimated inorganic |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | Numberwith | Numberwithout | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | Organic adjustedb OR (95% CI) | adjusteda OR (95% CI) |
| Asthma | |||||
| ≤20th % | 69 | 467 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 60 | 478 | 0.71 (0.41, 1.24) | 1.27 (0.51, 3.12) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.46) |
| 129 | 945 | p = .23 | p =.60 | p =.46 | |
| Chronic Bronchitis | |||||
| ≤20th % | 40 | 494 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 35 | 503 | 0.83 (0.42, 1.62) | 0.77 (0.24, 2.51) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.61) |
| 75 | 997 | p = .58 | p =.67 | p =.47 | |
| Emphysema | |||||
| ≤20th % | 15 | 520 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 7 | 466 | 0.77 (0.24, 2.49) | 1.29 (0.17, 9.82) | 0.72 (0.13, 3.81) |
| 22 | 986 | p =.66 | p =.80 | p =.70 | |
Note. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for gender, age (20–39, 40–59, ≥60 yr), race/ethnicity (white, black, Mexican American, other), education (<high school, high school, >high school), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), serum cotinine category (<0.015, 0.015–9.9, ≥10 ng/ml), and continuous urinary creatinine (mg/dl).
b
Further adjustment of total arsenic for arsenobentaine concentration (μg/L), a major component of organic arsenic, and serum mercury (μg/L), a biomarker for fish consumption.