TABLE 4.
Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals of Having Respiratory Symptoms Comparing Lowest Quintile With Highest Quintile of Measured Total Urinary Arsenic and Estimated Inorganic Arsenic
| Total arsenic |
Estimated inorganic |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom | Numberwith | Numberwithout | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | Organic adjustedb OR (95% CI) | adjusteda OR (95% CI) |
| Chronic cough | |||||
| ≤20th % | 71 | 378 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 37 | 419 | 0.63 (0.34, 1.18) | 0.49 (0.16, 1.50) | 0.61 (0.30, 1.22) |
| 108 | 797 | p = .15 | p = .21 | p =.16 | |
| Wheezing | |||||
| ≤20th % | 85 | 451 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 62 | 476 | 0.56 (0.33, 0.95) | 0.85 (0.35, 2.07) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.29) |
| 147 | 927 | p = .03 | p =.73 | p =.29 | |
| Phlegm | |||||
| ≤20th % | 51 | 398 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥80th % | 34 | 422 | 0.76 (0.39, 1.48) | 0.66 (0.20, 2.20) | 0.75 (0.36, 1.54) |
| 85 | 820 | p = .42 | p =.50 | p =.44 | |
Note. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for gender, age (20–39, 40–59, ≥60 yr), race/ethnicity (white, black, Mexican American, other), education (<high school, high school, >high school), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), serum cotinine category (<0.015, 0.015–9.9, ≥10 ng/ml), and continuous urinary creatinine (mg/dl).
b
Further adjustment of total arsenic for arsenobentaine concentration (μg/L), a major component of organic arsenic, and serum mercury (μg/L), a biomarker for fish consumption.