Rat primary midbrain neuron-glia cultures were treated with memantine (0.1– 10 µM) for 7 days. (A) The functional status of DA neurons was quantified by the [3H] DA uptake assay. Results were expressed as a percentage of the vehicle-treated control cultures. (B) The numeration of TH-positive neurons was shown and presented as TH-positive cellnumbers per well. (C) Examples of control and memantine treated neurons stained by TH antibody were shown. All results were the mean ± S.E.M. from three independent experiments in triplicate. *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, and ***, p<0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated control cultures.