Table 4.
Adjusted relative risk of future depression associated with obesity by income level
| Risk ratio (99% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Women and men | Women | Men | |
| Income category | |||
| Upper class | |||
| Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight | 1.04 (0.56–1.94) | 1.39 (0.67–2.92) | 0.62 (0.0.21–1.82) |
| Obese | 1.97 (1.14–3.40)** | 2.23 (1.16–4.25)** | 1.61 (0.61–4.22) |
| Upper middle class | |||
| Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight | 1.05 (0.59–1.87) | 1.20 (0.63–2.28) | 0.77 (0.24–2.44) |
| Obese | 1.06 (0.60–1.87) | 1.06 (0.54–2.08) | 1.05 (0.34–3.25) |
| Middle class | |||
| Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight | 1.11 (0.68–1.82) | 1.17 (0.64–2.16) | 1.20 (0.52–2.77) |
| Obese | 1.05 (0.56–2.00) | 1.18 (0.59–2.37) | 0.86 (0.23–3.23) |
| Working class | |||
| Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight | 1.21 (0.78–1.88) | 1.37 (0.77–2.45) | 1.20 (0.63–2.30) |
| Obese | 0.82 (0.46–1.48) | 0.92 (0.48–1.75) | 0.89 (0.29–2.72) |
Models adjusted for age, baseline depressive symptoms, sex (in analyses not stratified by sex), ever-smoked, current smoking, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and alcohol use.
CI, confidence interval.
**
P < 0.01.