Figure 5. Cytonemes of bacteria. The scanning electron microscopy images show Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium attached to the surface of the control neutrophils (A) or to the TVEs of BPB-treated neutrophils (B) through cytonemes. Salmonella of the virulent C53 strain (C) and the non-flagellated SJW880 strain (D) were interconnected through cytonemes in biofilms grown on the surface of gallstones. Transmission electron microscopy images of 60-nm membrane tubules derived from the outer membrane of the bacteria (E and F).³⁴