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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Oct 26;14(11):1382–1389. doi: 10.1038/nn.2963

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the adult songbird brain. Testosterone-induced neuronal addition to the adult songbird vocal control center, HVC, requires the androgenic induction of VEGF, followed by VEGF-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase release and angiogenesis. The expanded vasculature acts as a source of BDNF, which supports the immigration of new neurons from the overlying ventricular zone23,77,78,80. AR, androgen receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; Nucleus RA, the HVC target nucleus robustus archistriatalis.