Table 1.
Overall and trait-specific personality change predicting self-reported well-being and health at Time 2.
| Personality Change | Satisfaction with Life | Psychological Well-Being | Self-Reported Health | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| Overall | ||||||
| Directional | .41*** (.064) | .18 | 1.03*** (.115) | .23 | .48*** (.085) | .17 |
| Absolute | −.44*** (.090) | −.13 | −.90*** (.151) | −.14 | −.60*** (.121) | −.14 |
| Neuroticism | ||||||
| Directional | −.10*** (.032) | −.09 | −.23*** (.055) | −.10 | −.07 (.042) | −.05 |
| Absolute | .00 (.013) | .00 | −.09 (.071) | −.03 | −.06 (.056) | −.03 |
| Conscientiousness | ||||||
| Directional | .08† (.047) | .05 | .24** (.080) | .08 | .12* (.063) | .06 |
| Absolute | −.11† (.060) | −.05 | −.11 (.101) | −.03 | −.15† (.081) | −.05 |
| Agreeableness | ||||||
| Directional | .11** (.042) | .08 | .28*** (.072) | .10 | .10† (.057) | .05 |
| Absolute | −.04 (.055) | −.02 | −.25** (.093) | −.06 | .02 (.015) | .01 |
| Extraversion | ||||||
| Directional | .23*** (.040) | .16 | .54*** (.068) | .20 | .36*** (.053) | .20 |
| Absolute | −.30*** (.054) | −.14 | −.24** (.091) | −.06 | −.31*** (.073) | −.11 |
| Openness | ||||||
| Directional | .20*** (.042) | .13 | .37*** (.072) | .13 | .20*** (.057) | .10 |
| Absolute | −.21*** (.057) | −.09 | −.51*** (.096) | −.12 | −.30*** (.077) | −.11 |
| Agency | ||||||
| Directional | .13*** (.034) | .11 | .33*** (.057) | .14 | .19*** (.045) | .12 |
| Absolute | −.25*** (.047) | −.14 | −.33*** (.079) | −.09 | −.20** (.064) | −.08 |
Note. N Range: 3816 – 3853. SE = standard error. All analyses controlled for the corresponding Time 1 well-being and health scores, gender, age, and all T2 personality traits. Standardized regression coefficients, βs, were calculated as the predicted change in the dependent variable, in standard deviations, for a 2-SD change in the respective personality change score (see Gelman, 2008).
†
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p <.001.