Table 2.

Reported cases of biochemically-hyperthyroid patients with a reported hyperfunctioning nodule discovered to harbor thyroid carcinoma on pathological review

#	Age	Sex	Tumor growth (cm)	High risk historya	Suspicious U/Sb	Nodule sizec (cm)	Tumor sized (cm)	TFTse	Toxic sx?	Compression sx?	Scan type	FNA	Surgical path	Reference (1st author)
1	29	F		-	IV	2.7	2.5	SHT	+	-	123I		FTC	Current case
2	43	F		-	-	6.5	5	fT3,fT4	+	-	Tc		Hurthle	Karanchi [23]
3	13	F		-	IV	3.5	5	TT3	-	-	123I		Hurthle	Yalla [24]
4	63	M		-	-	4		fT4	-	-	123I	Suspicion of FVPTC	FVPTC	Bommireddipalli [25]
5	68	F		-	HE	5.3		fT3	+	+	Tc,123I		FTC	Giovanella [26]
6	11	F		-	-	3.5		TT3	-	-	123I	Nonspecific	PTC	Tfayli [27]
7	47	F		-	-	2.6	3	TT3,fT4	+	-	131I	PTC	FVPTC	Azevedo [28]
8	36	M	1.4→1.8 in 11mo	-	HE,IV	1.8	1.5	SHT	+	-	131I	PTC	PTC	Uludag [29]
9	62	F			-		2	fT3,fT4	+	-	Tc	PTC	PTC	Nishida [30]
10	32	M		-	-	4.3		fT3,fT4	-	-	Tc	Benign	FVPTC	Kim [31]
11	64	F		-		6		TT3	+	-	131I		FTC	Niepomniszcze [32]
12	57	F			-	6		Highf	+	-	Tc	Nondiagnostic	FTC	Bitterman [33]
13	59	F			-	5		High	+		Tc		FTC	Bitterman [33]
14	59	F		-	HE,PD,Cal	1.5	1.5	fT3,fT4	+	+	Tc,123I	PTC	PTC	Majima [34]
15	NA	F				5	5	fT3,fT4	+	+	Tc		PTC	Gozu [35]
16	67	F				2.5	3	fT4	+	-	Tc	Benign	Hurthle	Wong [36]
17	39	F	Subjective ↑		-	2		Nl→SHT	-	- → +	123I		PTC	Yaturu [37]
18	36	M	2x size in 5yrs		-	2.8	2.3	SHT	-			Follicular neoplasm	FVPTC	Logani [38]
19	11	F		-	-		4	TT3,fT4	+	-	Tc,131I		PTC	Mircescu [39]
20	49	F				4	3.5	fT4	+	-	123I		FTC	Camacho [40]
21	47	M				3.5	3.5	fT3	+		123I	Suspicious	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
22	36	M				2.5	2.5	SHT			123I	Nondiagnostic	FTC	Bourasseau [41]
23	56	M				5.5	5.5	fT4	+		123I		FTC	Bourasseau [41]
24	39	F				1	1	fT3,fT4	+		123I	Suspicious	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
25	33	F				3	3	SHT			123I	Nondiagnostic	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
26	42	F	4.5→7.4 (no interval given)	-	-	7.4		SHT	-	-	123I	Benign	Hurthle	Russo [42]
27	17	F		-	HE	2.1	2.1	TT3	-	-	Tc, 123I		PTC	Cirillo [43]
28	60	F			-	5	6	TT3	+	-	131I		Insular	Russo [44]
29	16	F		-		2		TT4	+	-	123I	Colloid	Hurthle	Siddiqui [45]
30	64	F				4		High			123I		FTC	Mizukami [46]
31	25	F		-	-	4.2		TT3,TT4	+	+	131I		PTC/FTC	De Rosa [47]
32	72	M				2.8		TT3,TT4			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
33	52	M				5		TT3			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
34	55	F				1.6		SHT			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
35	67	F		-		3	2.5	TT3,fT4	+	-	123I	Malignant node	PTC	Sandler [49]
36	11	F		-	-	3.5		TT3	+	-	123I		FTC	Nagai [50]
37	45	F		-		3.5	3	High	+	-	123I		FVPTC	Nagai [50]
38	70	F		-		4	4	fT4	-	-	131I	PTC	PTC	Fukata [51]
39	27	F		-		3		TT4	+		131I		PTC	Sobel [52]
40	14	M				4		TT3	+	-	131I		PTC	Sobel [52]
41	32	F		-		2.5		TT4	+		131I		FVPTC	Sobel [52]
42	29	F		-			1	TT4	+	-	131I		PTC	Hoving [53]
43	44	F			irregular	2.5	0.3	TT4	+	-	131I		PTC	Khan [54]
44	15	F				2.5	2.5	TT3	+	-	123I		PTC	Hopwood [55]
45	6	F	↑ over 8mo	-		5-6x nl		High	+	-	131I		PTC/FTC	Sussman [56]
46	42	F	4→6 in 4 yrs			6	6	High		-			FTC	Dische [57]
47	71	F						fT3,fT4			131I		FTC	Als [58]
48	62	M				8		fT3			131I		FTC	Als [58]
49	62	F				7		fT3			131I		FTC	Als [58]
50	71	F				4		fT3,fT4			131I		FTC	Als [58]
51	69	F				6		fT3			131I		FTC	Als [58]
52	79	F						fT3,fT4			131I		FTC	Als [58]
53	65	M				6.5		fT3			131I		FTC	Als [58]
54	56	M						fT3			131I		FVPTC	Als [58]
55	75	M				5.5		fT3			131I		FTC	Als [58]
56	77	F				4		fT3			131I		PTC	Als [58]
57	71	F				6		fT3			131I		FVC	Als [58]
58	63	M				6		fT3			131I		FVPTC	Als [58]
59	74	F				7		fT3,fT4			131I		FTC	Als [58]
60	68	M			HE	6		SHT	-		Tc	Follicular neoplasm	FTC	Foppiani [12]
61	38	F			HE	2.7		SHT			Tc	Hyperplastic goiter	FTC	Foppiani [12]
62	35	F		-			>1cm	High	+		131I	PTC	PTC	Sahin [13]
63	65	F		-			>1cm	High	+		131I	PTC	PTC	Sahin [13]
64	19	F				5		TT4,TT3					PTC	Lin [59]
65	38	F		-	-		0.3	TT3	+		131I	no malignancy	PTC	Taneri [60]
66	44	F		-	Cal		1	TT3	+		131I	no malignancy	PTC	Taneri [60]
67	56	F		-			0.8	High			131I		FTC	Gabriele [14]
68	21	F		-	IV		1.6	High			131I		FTC	Gabriele [14]
69	57	F		-	-		0.7	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
70	58	F		-	-		3	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
71	51	F		-	-		0.6	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
72	17	F		-			1	High	+				PTC	Pacini [19]
73	65	F	Subjective ↑			5		High	+				FTC	Terzioglu [18]
74	42	F						High	+				PTC	Terzioglu [18]
75	35	F		-		2.2	0.5	High					PTC	Zanella [17]
76	70	F		-		4.1	0.5	High					PTC	Zanella [17]
77	35	M		-		5.4	0.5	High					Hurthle	Zanella [17]

Abbreviations: + = yes; - = no; Cal = microcalcifications; FNA = fine needle aspiration; FTC = follicular thyroid carcinoma; FVPTC = follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; HE = hypoechoic; ¹²³I = Iodine-123; ¹³¹I = Iodine-131; IV = internal vascularity; LT₄ = levothyroxine; NA = not available; nl = normal; PD = poorly demarcated; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma; sx = symptoms; SHT = subclinical hyperthyroidism; fT₃ = free triiodothyronine; fT₄ = free thyroxine; TT₃ = total triiodothyronine; TT₄ = total thyroxine; ^99mTc = technetium-99m-pertechnetate; TFTs = thyroid function testing; U/S = ultrasound; XRT = external beam radiotherapy.

^a High-risk history: ionizing radiation exposure as child/adolescent, prior personal history of thyroid cancer, and family history of thyroid cancer in one or more 1st-degree relatives; as per Cooper et al. [6].

^b Suspicious ultrasound: hypoechoic, microcalcifications, increased nodular vascularity, poorly demarcated; as per Cooper et al. [6].

^c Nodule size: The largest diameter of the thyroid nodule measured by ultrasonography, or if ultrasound not available, then by palpation.

^d Tumor size: The largest diameter of the thyroid nodule measured grossly after surgical resection.

^e TFTs: Indicates which thyroid hormone values (total T3, total T4, free T₃, and/or free T₄) were elevated at time of presentation, as opposed to SHT or euthyroidism. Of note, for many of these cases, no mention of one or more of these four standard thyroid hormone values was included.

^f High: Indicates that the patient was biochemically hyperthyroid, though specific thyroid hormone levels were not given.