FIGURE 3.

CaMKII inhibition induces calcium oscillations in astrocytes. A, shown are astrocytes loaded with Fluo-4AM exhibit calcium transients after exposure to the CaMKII inhibitor tat-CN21 (10 μm). B, shown are representative Fluo-4AM traces of a field of astrocytes in response to tat-CN21 application at time 0. AU, arbitrary units. C, shown is the average trace (±S.E., n = 3) of calcium response in astrocytes treated with DMSO control, tat-CN21, or tat-CN21Ala (10 μm). D, shown is the average area under the curve from time 0 to 500 s (± S.E., n = 3–5) after treatment with tat-CN21 (10 μm), KN-93 (1 μm), or inactive controls-tat-CN21-Ala (10 μm) and KN-92 (1 μm), as indicated.