FIGURE 9.

Neuronal death induced by extracellular ATP released by astrocytes after CaMKII inhibition. Average neuronal death (n = 5–8, ±S.E.) in neurons treated (24 h) with conditioned media from astrocytes subjected to 10 μm tat-CN21Ala or tat-CN21 alone or in combination with MRS 2179 (1 μm), A 740003 (1 μm), or ARL 67156 (10 μm) for 24 h is shown. The asterisk indicates significant difference compared with control, whereas the pound sign indicates significant difference compared with tat-CN21 alone (* and #, p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Dunnett's test).