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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 Mar 27;496(7443):101–105. doi: 10.1038/nature12040

Figure 1. PDAC utilize a non-canonical glutamine metabolism pathway.

Figure 1

a, PDAC proliferation requires both glucose and glutamine. Cells were plated in the complete media (10mM glucose and 2mM Gln) which was replaced the following day with glucose or Gln-free medium supplemented with 10% dialyzed FBS. b, Relative clonogenic growth of 8988T cells expressing a control shRNA (shGFP) or two independent shRNAs to GLS1. c, Schematic overview of GLUD1- or transaminase-mediated Glu metabolism. d, Relative clonogenic growth of 8988T cells. αKG (4mM), NEAA mixture (0.1 mM glycine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline and serine) or the combination was added to media following Gln-withdrawal. αKG, α-ketoglutarate; Glc, glucose; Gln, glutamine; NEAA, non-essential amino acid. Error bars represent s.d. of triplicate wells from a representative experiment. **, p< 0.01.