Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cohort by self-identified race/ethnicity
| Total sample (n = 1034) | Black (n = 696) | White (n = 76) | Hispanic (n = 262) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Outcome variable | |||||
| Recurrent wheezing | 63 (6.1) | 53 (7.6) | 3 (4.0) | 7 (2.7) | 0.01 |
| Key exposure variables | |||||
| Preterm birth | 280 (27.1) | 184 (26.4) | 22 (29.0) | 74 (28.2) | 0.80 |
| Inflammation/chorioamnionitis | 148 (14.3) | 106 (15.2) | 12 (15.8) | 30 (11.5) | 0.30 |
| Maternal post-natal smoking | 161 (15.6) | 102 (14.7) | 28 (36.8) | 31 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Antenatal smoke exposure | 103 (10.0) | 62 (8.9) | 26 (34.2) | 15 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
| Other variables | |||||
| Male gender | 530 (51.2) | 356 (51.2) | 45 (59.2) | 129 (49.2) | 0.31 |
| Age of child, years (mean, SD) | 3.08, 2.29 | 3.21, 2.31 | 2.78, 2.45 | 2.82, 2.18 | 0.03 |
| Maternal atopy | 346 (33.5) | 232 (33.3) | 33 (43.4) | 81 (30.9) | 0.13 |
| c-section delivery | 341 (33.1) | 232 (33.5) | 22 (29.0) | 87 (33.3) | 0.72 |
| Firstborn child | 428 (41.4) | 279 (40.1) | 46 (60.5) | 103 (39.3) | 0.002 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 55 (5.3) | 30 (4.3) | 7 (9.1) | 18 (6.9) | 0.08 |
| Highest level of Maternal Education Achieved | |||||
| <HS | 307 (29.7) | 178 (25.6) | 13 (17.1) | 116 (44.3) | |
| HS | 372 (36.0) | 265 (38.1) | 25 (32.9) | 82 (31.3) | |
| some college | 355 (34.3) | 253 (36.4) | 38 (50.0) | 64 (24.4) | <0.0001 |
| Annual Household income | |||||
| <$30000 | 512 (49.5) | 360 (51.7) | 30 (39.5) | 122 (46.6) | |
| ≥$30000 | 302 (29.2) | 196 (28.2) | 34 (44.7) | 72 (27.5) | |
| unknown | 220 (21.3) | 140 (20.1) | 12 (15.8) | 68 (26.0) | 0.008 |
| Ancestry, median% (IQR) | |||||
| European | 12.6 (3.8–46) | 6.7 (2.2–13.7) | 95.1 (87.1–97.8) | 51.3 (40–62.6) | <0.0001 |
| African | 79.7 (37.5–89.6) | 86.1 (79.3–93.4) | 1.1 (0.6–7.0) | 21.2 (6.5–42.9) | <0.0001 |
| Asian | 5.1 (2.5–11.3) | 4.4 (2.2–8.2) | 2.8 (1.3–6.6) | 15.9 (6.5–38.7) | <0.0001 |
All P-values represent differences by race. P-values for categorical variables are determined by chi-square statistic. All P-values for continuous variables are determined by ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 are in bold.