Table 3. Literature review summary of somatic pain treatment or investigation by rTMS.

Note all studies used a figure-of-8 TMS coil except for Rollnik et al. (2002), which used a circular coil. bid, twice daily; BPI, brief pain inventory; CNP, chronic neuropathic pain; D, diagnostic; NRS, numeric rating scale; CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome; HF, high frequency; HRSD, Hamilton rating scale for depression; ITI, intertrain interval; LANSS, Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs; LF, low frequency; LPC, left prefrontal cortex; MEP, motor evoked potential; MPQ, McGill pain questionnaire; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MT, motor threshold; NPS, neuropathic pain scale; NPSI, neuropathic pain symptom inventory; NR, not reported; PIQ, pain impact questionnaire; qd, once daily; RMT, resting motor threshold; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; T, therapeutic; THQ, tinnitus handicap score; TQ, tinnitus questionnaire; VAS, visual analog scale; VNS, visual numeric scale

Author (Year)	# of Subjects (Age Range)	Drug therapy details	Pain Type	rTMS Protocol [Therapeutic or Diagnostic]	Coil Position	MRI Navigation	Sham Method	Adverse Events details	Pain Outcome Measure	#of Responders (% total) comments
Lefaucheur JP, et al. (2001a)	18 (28–75)	NR	Lesional	[LF]-[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (10Hz × 5s w/55s ITI) = 1000 pulses/day @ 80% RMT 1 Day of (0.5 Hz × 20 min) =600 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	None	VAS	7 (38.9%)
Lefaucheur JP, et al. (2001b)	14 (34–80)	NR	Varied	[HF] 2 days of (20 trains (10Hz × 5s w/55s ITI) = 1000 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Sham Coil	None	VAS	8 (57%)
Rollnik JD, et al. (2002)	12 (33–67)	NR	Varied	[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (20 Hz × 5s) over 20 min) = 800 pulses/day @ 80% MT [T]	Motor cortex as definedby maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	Headache (n=1)	VAS	6 (50%)
Topper R, et al. (2003)	2 (29–37)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesic, NSAIDs)	Phantom- Limb	[LF]-[HF] 15 Hz × 2s for multiple stimulation sites 15 days of (20trains (10Hz × 2s) w/1min ITI) = 400 pulses/day @ 110% RMT 15 days of (1Hz × 12min) = 720 pulses/day @ 110% RMT [D]-[T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude F3, F4, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz, T5, T6, O1 and O2, all according to the International 10–20 System	No	None	NR	VAS	2 (100%)
Lefaucheur JP, et al. (2004)	60 (27–69)	NR	Lesional	[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (10Hz × 5s w/55s ITI) = 1000 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [D]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Sham Coil	None	Thermal sensory threshold VAS	39 (65%)
Pleger B, et al. (2004)	10 (29–72)	No	CRPS I	[HF] 1 day of (10 trains (10 Hz × 1.2s w/10s ITI)) = 120 pulses/day @ 110% MT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	Hemihyperther- maesthesy (n = 2) Tingling sensation in limb (n = 2) Drowsiness (n = 1) Dizziness (n = 1) Headache (n = 1)	VAS	7 (70%)
Khedr EM, et al. (2005)	48 (39–63)	NR	Varied CNP	[HF] 5 days of (10 trains (20 Hz × 10s) w/50s ITI)) =2000 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	NR	VAS LANSS	LANSS responders 21(43.75%) immediately after rTMS 15(31.25%) Two weeks after rTMS VAS responders 21(43.75%) immediately after rTMS 17(35.4%) Two weeks after rTMS
Andre-Obadia N, et al. (2006)	12 (31–66)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antipsychotic, antispastic)	Lesional	[LF]-[HF] 2 days of (1 Hz × 26min) =1560 pulses/day @ 90% MT 1 day of (20 trains of 80 pulses at 20 Hz with ITI of 84s) = 1600 pulses/day @ 90% MT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	Yes	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	None	VAS Global subjective assessment	1 (8.3%) with 1Hz 5 (41.6%) with 20Hz
Hirayama A, et al. (2006)	20 (28–72)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose(antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, NSAIDs)	Lesional	[HF] 2 days of 20 Trains (5 Hz × 10s with ITI of 50s @ 90% RMT) = 500 pulses/day [D]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	Yes	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	None	VAS	10 (50%)
Lefaucheur JP, et al. (2006)	36 (30–79)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesics, anti- anxiety, anti- convulsants, anti- depressants)	Varied	[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (10Hz × 10s w/50s ITI) = 2000 pulses/day @ 90% RMT [D]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	None	None	VAS CGI	Varied by pain location and stimulation site
Rosa MA, et al. (2006)	1 (24)	NR	CRPS	[HF] 1 day of (25 trains (10Hz × 10s w/20s ITI)) = 2500 pulses/day @ 100% MT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	None	Seizure (n=1)	VAS MPQ	0 (0%)
Saitoh Y, et al. (2007)	13 (29–76)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, NSAIDs)	Lesional	[LF]-[HF] 1 day of (10 trains (10Hz × 5s w/50s ITI)) 1 day of (5 trains (10Hz × 10s w/50s ITI)) = 500 pulses/day @ 90% RMT 1 day of (1Hz × 500s) = 500 pulses/day @ 90% RMT [D]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	Yes	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	None	VAS MPQ	NR Pain reduced significantly in the entire treatment group relative to control
Andre-Obadia N, et al. (2008)	28 (31–72)	Yes Maintained medication (analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant)	Varied	[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (20Hz × 4s w/84s ITI)) = 1600 pulses/day @ 90% MT [D]-[T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	None	NPSI VNS	14 (50%)
Borckardt JJ, et al. (2009)	4 (33–58)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesic, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anti-spastic)	Varied	[HF] 3 days of (40 trains (10Hz × 10s w/20s ITI)) = 4000 pulses/day @ 100% RMT [D]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude LPC using frameless stereotactic system	Yes	Sham Coil	NR	Pain Diary NPS BPI Cutaneous and Mechanical Pain Assessment	3 (75%)
Kang BS, et al. (2009)	11 (33–75)	Yes Maintained medication (anticonvulsant, antidepressant, NSAIDs)	Varied CNP	[HF] 1 day of (20 trains (10 Hz × 5s w/55s ITI)) = 1000 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Coil tilted 45° from the skull	NR	NRS BPI	0 (0%)
Zhagi S, et al. (2009)	1 (62)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesic, anticonvulsant)	CNP	[HF] 35 days of (30 trains (10 Hz × 4s w/26s ITI)) =1200 pulses/day @ 80% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	None	Headache (n=1) Neck Pain (n = 1)	Self-reported overall daily pain	1(100%)
Picarelli H, et al. (2010)	12 (22–65)	Yes All patients were washed out of their previous treatment and started on a standardized pharmacological treatment based on the best evidence available for 30 days (naproxen 250 mg bid, amitriptyline 50 mg qd, and carbamazepine 200 mg bid)	CRPS I	[HF] 10 days of (25 trains (10 Hz × 10s w/60s ITI) = 2500 pulses/day @ 100% RMT [T]	Motor cortex as defined by maximal contralateral MEP amplitude	No	Sham Coil	Seizure (n = 1) Headache (n = 6) Neck Pain (n = 2) Scalp Tingling (n = 4) Dizziness (n = 1)	VAS MPQ PIQ	7 (58%)
Sampson SM, et al. (2011)	9 (18–65)	Yes Maintained medication with no change in dose (analgesic)	Varied CNP	[LF] 15 days of (1 Hz × 26.67 mins) =1600 pulses/day @ 110% MT [D]-[T]	RDLPC defined as area 5cm anterior to MC for activation of ABP	No	None	NR Treatment site discomfort Transient mild headeche	HRSD VAS Likert pain ratings	4 (44.4%)