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Urine samples procured from bladder cancer patients were analyzed by substrate gel electrophoresis (zymography). Bands of enzyme activity were detected as zones of clearance on a background of uniform blue staining. Protein marker used to detect the molecular weight. Arrows indicate HMW MMP9 dimer, MMP9-NGAL complex, MMP9. Urine samples from bladder cancer patients in lane (1–4) show activity for MMPs, while no activity in urine sample of control in lanes (5&6).
