Fig. 3.

The effect of aldose reductase inhibition on LPS-induced activation of p38 and JNK in Raw264.7 murine macrophages. Macrophages were pretreated with 10 µM Sorbinil or 50 µM BGG for 24 h followed by LPS (20 ng/ml) for the indicated times. The fold activation of p-JNK and p-p38 were normalized to total JNK and p38, respectively. For changes over time, the normalized values are expressed relative to samples taken at time zero.