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(Color online) Area functions of /o/, /i/, /u/ and their corresponding acoustic responses. (a) /o/ (left side: Area functions are extracted from MR, right side: Area functions are the same as in the left side, except that the pharynx and lip regions are made the same as the ground truth, indicated by the thick solid line, (b) /i/ and (c) /u/ (the dashed lines connect the region in the area function with the affected formant in the acoustic response).
