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. 2013 May 17;8(5):e63740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063740

Table 7. Comparison of Cis-Baikal canid long bone lengths with those of modern and ancient wolves, and large northern dogs. Shoulder heights are estimates based on regression equations on long bone lengths [32].

Specimen/population (n) Humerus length/range (mm) Humerus mean length (mm) St. d. Shoulder height (cm)
Shamanka II dog 181.0 60
Ust'-Belaia 2 161.0 53
Ust'-Belaia 3 154.0 50
Ust'-Belaia 4 138.0 45
Pad' Kalashnikova 1 139.0 45
Pad' Kalashnikova 2 161.0 53
Ulan-Khada 173.0 57
Lokomotiv wolf 237.0 79
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (9) 141.2–202.5 182.64 23.01 46–67
Recent NA wolvesb (40) 215.66 26.10
Weichselian wolvesc (5) 190.5–222.4 209.40 12.96 63–74
Radius length/range (mm) Radius mean length (mm) St. d. Shoulder height (cm)
Shamanka II dog 181 60
Ust'-Belaia 2 156 52
Ulan-Khada 173 57
Lokomotiv wolf 233 76
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (10) 137.1–196.0 170.76 19.75 46–64
Recent NA wolvesb (40) 210.53 17.83
Weichselian wolvesc (7) 206.1–222.6 214.76 5.42 68–73
Femur length/range (mm) Femur mean length (mm) St. d. Shoulder height (cm)
Shamanka II dog 203 62
Ust'-Belaia 2 172 52
Ust'-Belaia 4 144 44
Pad' Kalashnikova 2 172 53
Lokomotiv wolf 256 79
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (12) 150.5–217.5 197.54 20.88 46–67
Recent NA wolvesb (40) 229.78 22.40
Weichselian wolvesc (4) 219.7–242.9 225.5 10.06 68–75
Tibia length/range (mm) Tibia mean length (mm) St. d. Shoulder height (cm)
Shamanka II dog 199 59
Ust'-Belaia 4 144 43
Lokomotiv wolf 258 76
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (12) 151.6–212.5 191.50 19.48 45–63
Recent NA wolvesb (40) 234.31 22.38
Weichselian wolvesc (9) 215.1–245.3 225.33 12.26 64–73
a

This study.

b

[27].

c

[26].