Table 7. Comparison of Cis-Baikal canid long bone lengths with those of modern and ancient wolves, and large northern dogs. Shoulder heights are estimates based on regression equations on long bone lengths [32].
Specimen/population (n) | Humerus length/range (mm) | Humerus mean length (mm) | St. d. | Shoulder height (cm) |
Shamanka II dog | 181.0 | 60 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 2 | 161.0 | 53 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 3 | 154.0 | 50 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 4 | 138.0 | 45 | ||
Pad' Kalashnikova 1 | 139.0 | 45 | ||
Pad' Kalashnikova 2 | 161.0 | 53 | ||
Ulan-Khada | 173.0 | 57 | ||
Lokomotiv wolf | 237.0 | 79 | ||
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (9) | 141.2–202.5 | 182.64 | 23.01 | 46–67 |
Recent NA wolvesb (40) | 215.66 | 26.10 | ||
Weichselian wolvesc (5) | 190.5–222.4 | 209.40 | 12.96 | 63–74 |
Radius length/range (mm) | Radius mean length (mm) | St. d. | Shoulder height (cm) | |
Shamanka II dog | 181 | 60 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 2 | 156 | 52 | ||
Ulan-Khada | 173 | 57 | ||
Lokomotiv wolf | 233 | 76 | ||
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (10) | 137.1–196.0 | 170.76 | 19.75 | 46–64 |
Recent NA wolvesb (40) | 210.53 | 17.83 | ||
Weichselian wolvesc (7) | 206.1–222.6 | 214.76 | 5.42 | 68–73 |
Femur length/range (mm) | Femur mean length (mm) | St. d. | Shoulder height (cm) | |
Shamanka II dog | 203 | 62 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 2 | 172 | 52 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 4 | 144 | 44 | ||
Pad' Kalashnikova 2 | 172 | 53 | ||
Lokomotiv wolf | 256 | 79 | ||
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (12) | 150.5–217.5 | 197.54 | 20.88 | 46–67 |
Recent NA wolvesb (40) | 229.78 | 22.40 | ||
Weichselian wolvesc (4) | 219.7–242.9 | 225.5 | 10.06 | 68–75 |
Tibia length/range (mm) | Tibia mean length (mm) | St. d. | Shoulder height (cm) | |
Shamanka II dog | 199 | 59 | ||
Ust'-Belaia 4 | 144 | 43 | ||
Lokomotiv wolf | 258 | 76 | ||
Recent NA Arctic dogsa (12) | 151.6–212.5 | 191.50 | 19.48 | 45–63 |
Recent NA wolvesb (40) | 234.31 | 22.38 | ||
Weichselian wolvesc (9) | 215.1–245.3 | 225.33 | 12.26 | 64–73 |