Figure 1. Model for a role of CDC48 in the regulation of TMV replication and cell-to-cell movement. (A) At early infection stages, the equilibrium between ER-associated and microtubule-associated MP supports virus movement. (B) At late infection stages, CDC48 function interferes with further virus movement and supports the massive production of progeny virus. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; CW, cell wall.