Table 1.

Comparative guide for replication proteins between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

	Prokaryotes
Functions	E. coli (Gram-negative)	B. subtilis (Gram-positive)	Archaea	Eukaryotes
Origin recognition	DnaA⋆	DnaA⋆	Orc1⋆/Cdc6⋆	ORC⋆
Helicase loading	DnaA⋆, DnaC⋆	DnaA⋆, DnaD, DnaB, DnaI⋆	Orc1⋆/Cdc6⋆	ORC⋆, Cdc6⋆, Cdt1
Helicase	DnaB6	DnaC6	MCM⋆6	MCM2–7⋆
Helicase activity auxiliary factors			RecJ like protein, GINS	Cdc45, GINS
Primase	DnaG	DnaG	Primase	Primase/Pol α
Polymerases	Pol III	PolC, DnaEBS	Pol-B, Pol-D	Pol δ, Pol ε
Other essential proteins involved in helicase activation		DnaB, DnaD		Sld2, Sld3, Dpb11
Initiation regulation proteins				CDK, DDK,

^⋆AAA⁺ protein.