Table I.
Demographic data of the EP children and classmate controls
| EP with BPD (n = 45) | EP without BPD (n =21) | All EP (n = 66) | Controls (C) (n = 86) | Mean (95% CI) difference (EP−C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, weeks | 24.8 (0.8) | 25.0 (0.7) | 24.9 (0.8) | All >37 weeks | |
| Birth weight, kg | 0.73 (0.13) | 0.78 (0.12) | 0.74 (0.13) | ||
| Birth weight z-score∗ | −0.26 (0.69) | 0.08 (0.90) | −0.15 (0.77) | ||
| Male sex, n (%) | 24 (53) | 8 (38) | 32 (48) | 38 (45) | 3% (−13% to 19%) |
| Smoking in pregnancy n/N (%) | 9/36 (23) | 4 /19 (21) | 13/55 (24) | 9/78 (12) | 12% (−1% to 25%) |
| White ethnicity, n/N (%) | 27/35 (77) | 18 (86) | 45/56 (80) | 59/69 (86) | −5% (−18% to 8%) |
| Maternal nonmanual occupation, n/N (%) | 18/30 (60) | 9/18 (50) | 27/48 (56) | 42/70 (60) | −4% (−22% to 14%) |
| Maternal continuing education after 16 years, n/N (%) | 15/36 (42) | 9/20 (45) | 24/56 (42) | 37/75 (49) | −6% (24% to 11%) |
| At time of assessment | |||||
| Age, years | 11.3 (0.5) | 11.3 (0.6) | 11.3 (0.5) | 11.3 (0.6) | 0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2) |
| Height, cm | 141.6 (7.5) | 141.3 (6.8) | 141.5 (7.2) | 147.1 (7.6) | −5.6 (−8.0 to −3.2)† |
| Height z-score∗ | −0.55 (1.00) | −0.64 (0.90) | −0.58 (0.97) | 0.25 (1.03) | −0.83 (−1.15 to −0.50)‡ |
| Weight, kg | 36.3 (7.9) | 35.4 (7.0) | 36.0 (7.6) | 40.0 (9.7) | −4.0 (−6.8 to −1.2)‡ |
| Weight z-score∗ | −0.24 (1.13) | −0.40 (1.10) | −0.29 (1.12) | 0.26 (1.15) | −0.54 (−0.91 to −0.18)‡ |
| Current asthma, n/N (%) | 8/37 (22) | 6/20 (30) | 14/57 (25) | 11/ 82 (13) | 12% (−1% to 26%) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless noted otherwise. Current asthma is defined as currently symptomatic and/or with doctor diagnosis of asthma and on medication during the previous 12 months. Not all subjects reported by McEniery et al27 with hemodynamic data (68 EP children and 90 controls) had valid spirometry data; thus, the results from 66 children born EP and 86 controls form the basis of this report. Note that accurate gestational age and birth weight data were not available for controls.
∗
Derived from Cole et al.34
†
P < .001 between all EP children and control classmates.
‡
P < .01 between all EP children and control classmates.