TABLE 1.

Characteristics of 281 patients who underwent ILND for cutaneous melanoma and 40 patients who developed a wound complication, and the association of each factor with wound complication in univariate analysis

Characteristic	All patients (n = 281)		Patients with a wound complication (n = 40)		p Value
	Frequency	(%)	Frequency	(%)
Demographics
Age (yr), mean (SD)	55 (15.4)		58.4 (11.5)		0.13
Sex (n = 280)					0.61
Female	165	58.9%	22	13.3%
Male	115	41.1%	18	15.7%
Race (n = 247)					0.64
White	235	95.1%	33	14%
Nonwhite	12	4.9%	7	16.7%
Preoperative health
BMI (n = 277)					< 0.01
Normal weight (BMI < 25)	74	26.7%	4	5.4%
Overweight (BMI 25–30)	95	34.3%	10	10.5%
Obese (BMI > 30)	108	39%	25	23.1%
Diabetesa					0.05
No	251	87.4%	32	12.7%
Yes	30	12.6%	8	26.7%
Smokerb					0.14
No	223	79.4%	28	12.6%
Yes	58	20.6%	12	20.7%
Alcohol drinkerc					1
No	270	96.1%	39	14.4%
Yes	11	3.9%	1	9.1%
Dyspnead					0.68
No	269	95.7%	38	14.1%
Yes	12	4.3%	2	16.7%
Functional statuse
Independent	277	98.6%	–	–
Partially dependent	4	1.4%	–	–
COPD
No	278	98.9%	–	–
Yes	3	1.1%	–	–
CHF	0	0%	–	–
CADf					0.14
No	265	94.3%	40	15.1%
Yes	16	5.7%	0	0%
PVD
No	278	98.9%	–	–
Yes	3	1.1%	–	–
Renal failureg	0	0%	–	–
Hypertensionh					0.11
No	187	66.5%	22	11.8%
Yes	94	33.5%	18	19.1%
History of strokei					0.7
No	267	95%	39	14.6%
Yes	14	5%	1	7.1%
Steroid usej
No	277	98.6%	–	–
Yes	4	1.4%	–	–
Bleeding disorder					1
No	273	97.2%	39	14.3%
Yes	8	2.8%	1	12.5%
Chemo within 30 daysk					1.00
No	274	97.5%	39	14.2%
Yes	7	2.5%	1	14.3%
Operation within 30 daysl					0.75
No	261	92.9%	38	14.6%
Yes	20	7.1%	2	10.0%
Laboratory valuesm
WBC (n = 239)
WBC <4.500	11	4.6%	–	–
WBC 4.500–11,000	221	92.5%	–	–
WBC >11,000	7	2.9%	–	–
Albumin (n = 168)
< 3.4	7	4.2%	–	–
> 3.4	161	95.8%	–	–
Operative variables
Extent of ILNDn					0.02
Superficial	235	83.6%	28	11.9%
Superficial + deep	46	16.4%	12	26.1%
Wound class					1
Clean	269	95.7%	39	14.5%
Clean-contaminated	12	4.3%	1	8.3%
ASA class					0.45
1 No disturb	33	11.7%	3	9.1%
2 Mild disturb	163	58%	22	13.5%
> 3 Severe disturb	85	30.2%	15	17.6%
Site of melanomao					0.73
Trunk	62	22.2%	8	12.9%
Lower extremity	173	62%	27	15.6%

BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHF congestive heart failure; CAD coronary artery disease, PVD peripheral vascular disease, WBC white blood cell count, ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, INLD inguinal lymph node dissection

^aDiabetes mellitus requiring treatment

^bUsed cigarettes in the year prior

^c>2 drinks/day in the 2 weeks before admission

^dDifficult, painful, or labored breathing

^eAbility to perform activities of daily living

^fAs presence of angina 1 month prior, myocardial infarction 6 months prior, previous percutaneous cardiac intervention, or previous cardiac surgery

^gAcute or on dialysis

^hRequiring treatment

ⁱHistory of stroke with or without residual deficit or transient ischemic attack

^jSteroid use for a chronic condition

^kChemotherapy for malignancy within 30 days before surgery

^lMajor operation within 30 days

^mDrawn within 90 days before the surgical procedure

ⁿDefined by CPT codes

^oSite of primary melanoma, as specified by the ICD-9-CM code