Table 2.
Deaths, Observed Time, Mortality, and Factors Associated With Death as Determined by Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Model Analysis
| Characteristic | All Cases |
Complete Cases Only |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, No. | Deaths, No. | Observed Time, CY | Mortality Rate per 100 CY (95% CI) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | Cases, No. | Mortality Rate per 100 CY (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age (mo) | ||||||||||
| ≤35 | 302 | 14 | 622 | 2.25 (1.23–3.78) | 1.0 | |||||
| 36–59 | 366 | 12 | 875 | 1.37 (.71–2.40) | .7 (.3–1.4) | .28 | ||||
| ≥60 | 1150 | 67 | 2525 | 2.65 (2.02–3.29) | 1.2 (.7–2.2) | .51 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1043 | 55 | 2351 | 2.34 (1.72–2.96) | 1.0 | |||||
| Female | 775 | 38 | 1672 | 2.27 (1.55–3.00) | 1.0 (.6–1.4) | .81 | ||||
| Infection route | ||||||||||
| Blood transfusion | 156 | 10 | 444 | 2.25 (1.08–4.14) | 1.0 | |||||
| Mother-to-child | 1584 | 78 | 3343 | 2.29 (1.78–2.80) | .9 (.5–1.7) | .72 | ||||
| WHO clinical stage | ||||||||||
| I or II | 769 | 17 | 1583 | 1.07 (.63–1.72) | 1.0 | 511 | .75 (.32–1.47) | 1.0 | ||
| III or IV | 1037 | 74 | 2414 | 3.07 (2.37–3.76) | 3.0 (1.8–5.1) | <.01 | 717 | 2.70 (1.92–3.49) | 2.4 (1.1–5.2) | .02 |
| Hepatitis B serostatus | ||||||||||
| Negative | 1306 | 56 | 3182 | 1.76 (1.30–2.22) | 1.0 | |||||
| Positive | 63 | 4 | 150 | 2.67 (.73–6.83) | 1.5 (.5–4.2) | .42 | ||||
| Hepatitis C serostatus | ||||||||||
| Negative | 1137 | 47 | 2739 | 1.72 (1.23–2.21) | 1.0 | |||||
| Positive | 84 | 4 | 252 | 1.59 (.43–4.06) | 1.0 (.4–2.8) | .96 | ||||
| Weight-for-age z score | ||||||||||
| ≥−1 | 618 | 6 | 1406 | .43 (.16–.93) | 1.0 | 398 | .34 (.07–.98) | 1.0 | ||
| ≥−2, <−1 | 671 | 25 | 1535 | 1.63 (1.05–2.40) | 3.8 (1.6–9.3) | <.01 | 477 | 1.26 (.69–2.11) | 3.1 (.8–11.6) | .09 |
| <−2 | 525 | 62 | 1069 | 5.80 (4.35–7.24) | 12.9 (5.6–29.7) | <.01 | 353 | 4.82 (3.27–6.37) | 9.1 (2.5–33.2) | <.01 |
| Height-for-age z score | ||||||||||
| ≥−1 | 416 | 12 | 909 | 1.32 (.68–2.30) | 1.0 | 281 | .65 (.18–1.65) | 1.0 | ||
| ≥−2, <−1 | 397 | 15 | 907 | 1.65 (.93–2.73) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | .53 | 282 | 1.19 (.51–2.34) | 1.0 (.3–3.6) | .96 |
| <−2 | 940 | 63 | 2023 | 3.11 (2.34–3.88) | 2.4 (1.3–4.4) | <.01 | 665 | 2.83 (1.98–3.69) | 1.1 (.4–3.5) | .84 |
| CD4 cell percentage (%) | ||||||||||
| ≥15 | 386 | 6 | 762 | .79 (.29–1.71) | 1.0 | 302 | .82 (.27–1.92) | 1.0 | ||
| ≥10, <15 | 310 | 3 | 723 | .41 (.09–1.21) | .6 (.1–2.3) | .44 | 251 | .51 (.11–1.50) | .6 (.1–2.4) | .46 |
| <10 | 849 | 56 | 1938 | 2.89 (2.13–3.65) | 4.0 (1.7–9.4) | <.01 | 675 | 2.90 (2.06–3.74) | 2.4 (.9–6.0) | .07 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | ||||||||||
| ≥90 | 1484 | 54 | 3377 | 1.60 (1.17–2.03) | 1.0 | 1067 | 1.48 (1.00–1.97) | 1.0 | ||
| <90 | 238 | 30 | 494 | 6.07 (4.10–8.67) | 3.7 (2.4–5.8) | <.01 | 161 | 5.23 (3.10–8.27) | 2.2 (1.2–3.9) | .01 |
| AZT/d4T regimen | ||||||||||
| AZT + 3TC + EFV/NVP | 903 | 37 | 1914 | 1.93 (1.31–2.56) | 1.0 | 769 | 1.47 (.94–2.18) | 1.0 | ||
| d4T + 3TC + EFV/NVP | 621 | 42 | 1545 | 2.72 (1.90–3.54) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | .05 | 459 | 2.63 (1.78–3.76) | 1.3 (.7–2.3) | .35 |
| EFV/NVP regimen | ||||||||||
| AZT/d4T + 3TC + EFV | 384 | 14 | 667 | 2.10 (1.15–3.52) | 1.0 | |||||
| AZT/d4T + 3TC + NVP | 1140 | 65 | 2792 | 2.33 (1.76–2.89) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | .30 | ||||
| Overall | 1818 | 93 | 4022 | 2.31 (1.75–2.78) | … | … | 1228 | … | … | … |
Abbreviations: 3TC, lamivudine; AZT, zidovudine; CI, confidence interval; CY, child-years; d4T, stavudine; EFV, efavirenz; HR, hazard ratio; NVP, nevirapine; WHO, World Health Organization.