Table 3.
Classification, Apparent Mechanisms, and Anatomical Distribution of Candida Osteomyelitis
| No. (%) | |
|---|---|
| Classification of Candida osteomyelitis | |
| Proven | 136 (66) |
| Probable | 71 (34) |
| Apparent mechanisms of infection | |
| Hematogenous | 138 (67) |
| Direct inoculation | 51 (25) |
| Contiguous infection | 18 (9) |
| No. of bones infected per patient | |
| 1 | 34 (16) |
| 2 | 98 (47) |
| ≥3 | 75 (36) |
| Type of bone infected | |
| Vertebraa | 105 (51) |
| Femur | 30 (14) |
| Rib | 27 (13) |
| Sternum | 23 (11) |
| Humerus | 17 (8) |
| Tibia | 16 (8) |
| Fibula | 8 (4) |
| Phalanx | 10 (5) |
| Pelvis | 8 (4) |
| Cranium | 8 (4) |
| Otherb | 29 (14) |
| Concomitant joint involvement | |
| Intervertebral joint | 82 (40) |
| Costochondral/costosternal joint | 22 (11) |
| Synovial joint | 43 (21) |
| Knee | 22 (11) |
| Hip | 10 (5) |
| Ankle | 7 (3) |
| Shoulder | 3 (1) |
| Elbow | 4 (2) |
| Otherc | 17 (8) |
a Cervical (n = 10), thoracic (n = 44), lumbar (n = 62), and sacral (n = 5). In some cases, >1 vertebral anatomic site was concurrently infected.
b Includes metatarsus, ulna, radius, tarsus, talus, metacarpus, calcaneus, malleolus, patella, olecranon, and scapula bones at <5% each.
c Includes sacroiliac, tarsal, metatarsophalangeal, sternoclavicular, carpal, and skull base (synarthrosis) joints at <5% each.