Table 3.
Hazard Ratios for Total Prostate Cancer by Quintilea of Diet Quality Indices Stratified by Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen Screening History, National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006
| PSA Screening in Past 3 Years | Quintile of Diet Quality Scores |
P for trend | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5b |
||||||
| HR | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| PSA Screening (n = 128,736) | ||||||||||
| HEI-2005 | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.01 | 0.93 | 0.88, 0.99 | 0.03 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.88, 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.88, 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.86, 0.98 | 0.01 |
| aMED | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.11 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 0.98 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.09 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.09 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.03 | 0.09 |
| AHEI-2010 | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.92, 1.04 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.02 | 0.41 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.91, 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.05 | 0.93 | 0.88, 0.99 | 0.05 |
| No PSA Screening (n = 37,015) | ||||||||||
| HEI-2005 | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.89, 1.12 | 0.94 | 0.83, 1.07 | 1.06 | 0.94, 1.20 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.12 | 0.93 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.87, 1.10 | 0.92 | 0.81, 1.04 | 1.03 | 0.90, 1.17 | 0.95 | 0.83, 1.09 | 0.65 |
| aMED | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.08 | 0.95, 1.22 | 0.95 | 0.83, 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.19 | 1.04 | 0.62, 1.17 | 0.78 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.93, 1.20 | 0.92 | 0.81, 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.87, 1.14 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.11 | 0.51 |
| AHEI-2010 | ||||||||||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.10 | 0.98, 1.24 | 1.02 | 0.90, 1.16 | 1.07 | 0.95, 1.22 | 1.02 | 0.89, 1.16 | 0.86 |
| Multivariatec | 1.00 | 1.10 | 0.97, 1.24 | 1.01 | 0.89, 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.93, 1.19 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.13 | 0.72 |
Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010; aMED, alternate Mediterranean diet score; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; HEI-2005, Healthy Eating Index 2005; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.
a Range of scores by index quintiles 1–5: HEI-2005: <54.7, 54.7–63.2, 63.3–69.6, 69.7–75.5, and >75.5; aMED: ≤2, 3, 4, 5, and ≥6; and AHEI-2010: <43.1, 43.1–49.1, 49.2–54.5, 54.6–60.9, and >60.9.
b Quintile 5 indicates a healthier diet by index scoring standards.
c Multivariate hazard ratios were adjusted for age, ethnicity, educational level, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, family history of prostate cancer, diabetes, and energy.