Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cases and Controls With Interview Data Available, by Sex, the EAGLE Study, Lombardy, Italy, 2002–2005a,b
| Women |
Men |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases |
Controls |
Cases |
Controls |
|||||||||
| No.c | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | |
| Enrolled | 448 | 500 | 1,652 | 1,620 | ||||||||
| Interviewed | 406 | 90.6 | 499 | 99.8 | 1,537 | 93.0 | 1,617 | 99.8 | ||||
| Area of residence | ||||||||||||
| Milan | 288 | 70.9 | 349 | 69.9 | 987 | 64.2 | 1,089 | 67.3 | ||||
| Monza | 24 | 5.9 | 23 | 4.6 | 109 | 7.1 | 94 | 5.8 | ||||
| Brescia | 47 | 11.6 | 53 | 10.6 | 203 | 13.2 | 194 | 12.0 | ||||
| Pavia | 21 | 5.2 | 37 | 7.4 | 107 | 7.0 | 92 | 5.7 | ||||
| Varese | 26 | 6.4 | 37 | 7.4 | 131 | 8.5 | 148 | 9.2 | ||||
| P value | 0.55 | 0.17 | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 64.8 (10.1) | 64.1 (10.1) | 66.8 (7.9) | 65.8 (8.1) | ||||||||
| P value | 0.32 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||||
| None | 21 | 5.2 | 24 | 4.8 | 91 | 5.9 | 66 | 4.1 | ||||
| Elementary school | 128 | 31.5 | 143 | 28.7 | 625 | 40.7 | 431 | 26.7 | ||||
| Middle school | 134 | 33.0 | 158 | 31.7 | 424 | 27.6 | 455 | 28.1 | ||||
| High school | 104 | 25.6 | 135 | 27.1 | 314 | 20.4 | 441 | 27.3 | ||||
| University | 19 | 4.7 | 39 | 7.8 | 83 | 5.4 | 224 | 13.9 | ||||
| P value | 0.35 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Employed in an occupation associated with lung cancer | ||||||||||||
| Never | 379 | 93.3 | 471 | 94.4 | 1,015 | 66.0 | 1,171 | 72.4 | ||||
| List B (exposure to suspected carcinogens) | 24 | 5.9 | 26 | 5.2 | 345 | 22.5 | 346 | 21.4 | ||||
| List A (exposure to known carcinogens) | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.4 | 177 | 11.5 | 100 | 6.2 | ||||
| P value | 0.71 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| Other cancer(s)d | ||||||||||||
| No | 336 | 82.8 | 448 | 89.8 | 1,306 | 85.0 | 1,473 | 91.1 | ||||
| Yes | 70 | 17.2 | 51 | 10.2 | 231 | 15.0 | 144 | 8.9 | ||||
| P value | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| Lung cancer morphology (histological type) | ||||||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 220 | 54.2 | 582 | 37.9 | ||||||||
| Squamous-cell carcinoma | 45 | 11.1 | 459 | 29.9 | ||||||||
| Large-cell carcinoma | 28 | 6.9 | 61 | 4.0 | ||||||||
| Non-small-cell carcinoma NOS | 34 | 8.4 | 142 | 9.2 | ||||||||
| Small-cell carcinoma | 38 | 9.4 | 157 | 10.2 | ||||||||
| Other | 26 | 6.4 | 65 | 4.2 | ||||||||
| Data not available | 15 | 3.7 | 71 | 4.6 | ||||||||
| P value | <0.001 | |||||||||||
Abbreviations: EAGLE, Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology; NOS, not otherwise specified; SD, standard deviation.
a P values were calculated from the χ2 test (categorical variables) or Student's t test (continuous variables) for comparison between cases and controls of the same sex or between cases of different sexes (for lung cancer morphology only).
b Percentages may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.
c Number of participants.
d Primary cancer(s) (previously or newly diagnosed) other than lung cancer.