Table 2.

The Facility-Level Mean (and Standard Deviation) of Nursing Home Quality Measures Included in P4P Programs and as Outcome Variables in Analyses in States with and without P4P Programs

	States with P4P	States without P4P
% Residents who
had bladder catheter inserted	6.1 (4.3)	6.2 (4.3)
were physically restrained	8.9 (8.1)	10.5 (10.1)
had moderate to severe pain	13.7 (9.3)	10.7 (7.6)
had falls	10.4 (3.7)	8.9 (3.8)
developed pressure sores	12.3 (6.7)	14.3 (6.8)
had unexplained weight loss	9.1 (3.8)	9.7 (4.1)
Regulatory deficiencies
Total number	5.6 (5.2)	6.7 (6.0)
Number of immediate jeopardy	0.04 (0.36)	0.06 (0.50)
Staffing ratios
Total staff hours per resident day	3.1 (5.5)	4.3 (16.3)
RN + LPN hours per resident day	1.1 (2.4)	1.7 (10.0)

Note. All quality measures are summarized prior to P4P implementation, in 2001.