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Neurosonography Results Comparing the 5 Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency Criteria across MS versus Non-MS Participants
| Zamboni Criteria | Subjects with Zamboni Criteria, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | |||
| MS | Non-MS | MS | Non-MS | |
| 1. Extracranial reflux | 1.9 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| 2. Intracranial reflux | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3. B-mode jugular stenosis | 25 | 20 | 3.9 | 5.7 |
| 4. No flow detected on Doppler | 4.4 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
| 5. Negative change in CSA in jugular vein | 0 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 4.3 |
CSA=cross-sectional area; MS=multiple sclerosis.
