Table 2.

Association between wall thickness, lumen area and lactate

Models	Lactate quartile units				P(trend)
	< 5.9	5.9–7.2	7.3–9.1	≥ 9.2
		Wall Thickness (WT) (mm)
	Total study cohort - 1.41 [0.84 – 1.55]
1	1.09 (0.034)	1.34 (0.065)	1.46 (0.060)	1.67 (0.066)	<0.001
2	1.07 (0.027)	1.38 (0.055)	1.44 (0.072)	1.64 (0.078)	<0.001
3	1.05 (0.037)	1.36 (0.041)	1.42 (0.050)	1.60 (0.065)	<0.001
4	1.08 (0.034)	1.33 (0.071)	1.44 (0.054)	1.62 (0.044)	<0.001
5	0.96 (0.071)	1.17 (0.046)	1.18 (0.055)	1.22 (0.048)	0.039
		Lumen Area (LA) (mm2)
		Total cohort – 0.44 [0.37–0.48]
1	0.41 (0.035)	0.39 (0.023)	0.44 (0.033)	0.50 (0.016)	0.201
2	0.44 (0.031)	0.48 (0.059)	0.41 (0.021)	0.46 (0.025)	0.336
3	0.48 (0.048)	0.46 (0.037)	0.48 (0.051)	0.41 (0.038)	0.169
4	0.47 (0.066)	0.44 (0.051)	0.46 (0.082)	0.43 (0.025)	0.249
5	0.45 (0.019)	0.47 (0.021)	0.44 (0.009)	0.45 (0.075)	0.301

Lactate values are means (Standard Errors)

Wall thickness (WT) denotes maximum internal carotid artery wall thickness of 12 segments of the slice 2 mm above the flow divider. Wall thickness values are medians [Inter Quartile Range].

Lumen Area (LA): lumen area of the left common carotid artery slice. LA values are medians [Inter Quartile Range].

P_trend takes into account sampling weights for continuous variables. Survey-weighted linear regression was utilized, treating the variable of interest as the dependent variable and the median lactate values by quartile as a continuous independent variable.

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, field center.

Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 variables + height + height² + BMI +waist circumference.

Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 variables + smoking + hypertension diagnosis + diabetes diagnosis + HbA1C + LDL + HsCRP.

Model 4: adjusted for Model 3 variables + statin use + thiazolidinedione use.

Model 5: adjusted for Model 4 variables + Triglyceride/HDL ratio