Table 2.
Properties of several oxygenated fuels and conventional fuels.
| Chemical Formula |
MWb (g/mol) |
Density (kg/l) |
Boiling Point (K) |
LHVb (MJ/kg) |
AITb (K) |
RON/MONb | CNb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohols | ||||||||
| Methanol | CH3OH | 32.04 | 0.796 [22] | 337.9 [22] | 20.0 [22] | 783 [23] | 126/96 [22] | 0-3 [22] |
| Ethanol | C2H5OH | 46.07 | 0.794 [22] | 351.6 [22] | 26.8 [22] | 763 [23] | 120/99 [22] | 5-8 [24] |
| n-Propanol | C3H7OH | 60.10 | 0.804 [25] | 355.4 [26] | 30.9 [25] | 753 [23] | 112/-- [26] | -- |
| n-Butanol | C4H9OH | 74.12 | 0.810 [25] | 355.9 [26] | 33.1 [27] | 703 [23] | 96/78 [27] | -- |
| n-Pentanol | C5H11OH | 88.15 | 0.811 [25] | 393.0 [28] | 34.8 [25] | 573 [29] | -- | -- |
| Acyclic ethers | ||||||||
| DME d | CH3OCH3 | 46.07 | 0.66 a [11] | 248.3 [11] | 28.6 [11] | 623 [30] | -- | >55 [30] |
| MTBE d | C4H9OCH3 | 88.15 | 0.74 [22] | 328.5 [22] | 35.2 [22] | 733 [31] | 118/101 [22] | <0 [22] |
| ETBE d | C4H9OC2H5 | 102.17 | 0.75 [22] | 346.0 [22] | 35.9 [22] | -- | 117/101 [22] | <0 [22] |
| TAME d | C6H14O | 102.17 | 0.75 [22] | 359.5 [22] | 36.5 [22] | 703 [32] | 114/100 [22] | <0 [22] |
| DMM b | CH3OCH2OCH3 | 76.09 | 0.86 [24] | 315.2 [24] | 22.4 [24] | 510 [24] | -- | 25-30 [24] |
| DEE b | C2H5OC2H5 | 74.12 | 0.71 [30] | 307.6 [30] | 33.9 [30] | 433 [30] | -- | >125 [30] |
| Methyl esters | ||||||||
| DMCb | C3H6O3 | 90.08 | 1.07 [33] | 363.2 [34] | 15.8 [33] | -- | -- | 35.5 [33] |
| Biodiesel c | C12-C22 FAME b | ≈300 | 0.88 [35] | 455-611 [35] | 37.2 [35] | 589 [24] | -- | 48-65 [35] |
| Cyclic ethers | ||||||||
| THF d, e | C4H8O | 72.11 | 0.89 [36] | 339.2 [36] | -- | 594 [36] | -- | -- |
| MTHFd | C5H10O | 86.13 | 0.85 [37] | 353.4 [37] | 32.0 [38] | -- | 86/72 [39] | -- |
| DMTHFd | C6H12O | 100.16 | 0.83 [40] | 364.1 [19] | -- | -- | 82 /-- [19] | -- |
| Furan | C4H4O | 68.07 | 0.94 [31] | 305.2 [31] | -- | 663 [31] | -- | -- |
| DMFd | C6H8O | 96.13 | 0.89 [41] | 366.5 [28] | 33.7 [19] | 559 [42] | 119 /-- [19] | -- |
| MF d | C5H6O | 82.10 | 0.91 [31] | 62.9 [19] | -- | -- | 131 /-- [19] | -- |
| Conventional fuels | ||||||||
| Gasolinec | C4-C14 HC | ≈102 | 0.74 [22] | 303-473 [22] | 42.7 [22] | ≈723 [23] | 95/85 [22] | -- |
| Diesel c | C8-C25 HC | ≈200 | 0.84 [22] | 443-633 [22] | 43.0 [22] | ≈533 [23] | -- | 40-55 [22] |
a
Notes: Density at 1 atm and 298 K.
b
LHV-Lower Heating Value (LCV- Lower Calorific Value); RON-Research Octane Number; MON-Motor Octane Number; CN-Cetane Number; AIT-Autoignition Temperature; MW- Molecular Weight; C12-C22 FAME - Methyl Esters of C12 to C22 Fatty Acids; DEE-Diethyl Ether; DMC-Dimethyl Carbonate; DMM-Dimethoxy Methane.
c
Fuel standard.
d
See full names and formulae in Table 1.
e
Not directly considered as a biofuel, but from the same family as potential biofuels.