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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: World Dev. 2007 Nov;35(11):1975–1988. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.12.005

Table 3.

Odds ratios from the ordered logit model of the empowerment scale and the logit model of the final say alone dummy, N = 4,884.

Empowerment
Scale
OR
Final Say
Alone
OR
Urban residence 0.98 1.32
Hindu 1.33** 1.29*
Caste/ethnicity
  High caste 0.91 1.31*
  Tibeto-Burman 1.31** 1.91***
  Other (ref) 1.00 1.00
Household wealth
  Highest 1.52*** 1.49**
  Intermediate high 1.32** 1.31*
  Middle 1.31** 1.34**
  Intermediate low 1.19* 1.29**
  Lowest (ref) 1.00 1.00
Wife of household head 4.60*** 4.27***
Age 1.03*** 1.02***
Education
  None (ref) 1.00 1.00
  Primary 1.17* 1.41**
  Some secondary or more 1.74*** 1.82**
Employment remuneration
  Unpaid (ref) 1.00 1.00
  Paid in kind only 1.25** 1.42**
  Paid in cash 1.44** 2.25***
Owns livestock 1.32*** 1.45***
Land ownership
  Lives in landed household (ref) 1.00 1.00
  Owns land herself 1.50*** 1.48***
  Lives in landless household 1.18 1.26

−2 Log Likelihood 12,923 4,873
Model Chi-Square 566.6*** 362.4***
*

p<0.10

**

p<0.05

***

p<0.01

Source: Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2001