Table 4.

Multivariate Models for Treatment Response (Including Rapid Plasma Reagin Titers ≥1:2)

	Multivariable Model		Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Predictors of response to BPN treatmenta
HIV status
Negative	1.0 (Ref)
Positive	0.94 (.72–1.23)	.669	0.96 (.82–1.14)	.669
Sex
Male	1.0 (Ref)
Female	1.22 (.92–1.63)	.166	1.23 (1.04–1.46)	.016
Country
Zambia	1.0 (Ref)
Rwanda	1.46 (1.11–1.92)	.006	1.27 (1.08–1.50)	.005
RPR titer
1:2	1.0 (Ref)
≥1:4	1.33 (1.03–1.72)	.031	1.15 (.97–1.35)	.099
Disease stage
Incident infection	1.0 (Ref)
Prevalent infection	0.40 (.31–.52)	<.0001	0.52 (.44–.61)	<.0001
Age, y	0.99 (.97–1.01)	.300	0.99 (.98–1.01)	.334
For subjects with only 1 episode (n = 575)a
HIV status
Negative	1.0 (Ref)
Positive	0.92 (.61–1.40)	.706	0.93 (.72–1.20)	.581
Sex
Male	1.0 (Ref)
Female	1.30 (.87–1.95)	.196	1.22 (.96–1.54)	.103
Country
Zambia	1.0 (Ref)
Rwanda	1.38 (.93–2.04)	.114	1.07 (.85–1.34)	.589
RPR titer
1:2	1.0 (Ref)
≥1:4	1.38 (.95–2.00)	.094	1.17 (.93–1.47)	.192
Disease stage
Incident infection	1.0 (Ref)		0.36 (.28, .45)	<.0001
Prevalent infection	0.26 (.17–.40)	<.0001
Age, y	1.01 (.98–1.04)	.489	1 (.98–1.02)	.956
For subjects with multiple episodes (n = 258)a
HIV status
Negative	1.0 (Ref)
Positive	0.88 (.62–1.25)	.482	0.96 (.77–1.20)	.728
Sex
Male	1.0 (Ref)
Female	1.22 (.82–1.83)	.327	1.24 (.96–1.59)	.097
Country
Zambia	1.0 (Ref)
Rwanda	1.59 (1.07–2.37)	.023	1.41 (1.09–1.82)	.009
RPR titer
1:2	1.0 (Ref)
≥1:4	1.40 (.98–2.01)	.063	1.23 (.98–1.55)	.075
Disease stage
Incident infection	1.0 (Ref)
Prevalent infection	0.39 (.26–.57)	<.0001	0.58 (.45–.74)	<.0001
Age, y	0.98 (.96–1.00)	.071	0.99 (.98–1.00)	.18

Abbreviations: BPN, benzathine penicillin; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RPR, rapid plasma reagin.

^a Adjusted for all covariates in the table.