Table 5.
Study design of hyaluronic acid injection for adhesive capsulitis. a
| Study | Type | Patients, n | Follow-up, wk | Treatment Arm | Control Arm | Outcomes measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Itokazu27 | Prospective | 62 | 8 | Sodium hyaluronate 25 mg (1/wk × 5) | None | ROM; pain at rest, motion, pressure |
| Calis11 | RCT | 95 | 12 | Sodium hyaluronate | Triamcinolone acetate vs PT vs no treatment | Pain severity with passive ROM, functional considerations |
| Rovetta49 | RCT | 30 | 26 | Sodium hyaluronate + triamcinolone | Triamcinolone + PT | ROM, pain |
| Tamai53 | Prospective | 11 | 6 | Sodium hyaluronate | None | Coefficient of enhancement of synovium on MRI, JOA score |
a
RCT, randomized controlled trial; ROM, range of motion; PT, physical therapy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association shoulder score.