Table 3.

Comparative analysis of in vivo immunotherapeutic investigations of prion diseases.

In vivo
Treatment	Region	Model	Efficacy	Reference
Passive	scFv 8H4 (145–180)	Lysates from scFv PC12 cells i.c. injected into mice 35 days after scrapie exposure	2/10 mice protected from 8/10 infection mice symptom-free after 300 days	Vetrugno et al. 2005 [183]
Passive	Anti-PrP IgG Abs ICSM 35 (94–105) ICSM 18 (144–152)	Mice challenged i.p. with scrapie, Ab treatment twice weekly	Signficant delay in prion symptoms. Reduction in splenic PrPsc and delayed transfer to brain	White et al. 2003 [184]
Passive	mAb 8B4 (34–52) mAb 8H4 (175–185) 8F9 (205–233)	Mice challenged i.p. with scrapie, weekly treatment with Ab	8H4 and 8B4 10% longer incubation period at high challenge dose. At low challenge dose, 8B4 prevented disease in 10% of animals	Sigurdsson et al. 2003 [185]
Passive (engineered)	Transgenic mice expressing 6H4 (144–152) as single chain-Ab	Mice challenged i.p. with scrapie	Prolonged survival by 120 days	Heppner et al. 2001 [186]
Passive (engineered)	PrPC specific scFv	Expression specifically in CNS with recombinant adenoassociated vector type 2 viral vector platform	Delayed onset in peripherally inoculated mice	Wuertzer et al. 2008 [187]
Active	rPrPC 23–230	s.c. vaccination of mice	10% increase in incubation time; correlated with Ab titres	Sigurdsson et al. 2003 [188]
Active	Peptide 105–125 rPrPC 90–230	Mice immunized and orally challenged with infected brain homogenate	Peptide improved survival by 23 days; protein had no effect	Schwarz et al. 2003 [189]
Active (engineered)	Human PrPC	Transfer of adenotransduced dendritic cells. Mice challenged i.p.	Prolonged survival times	Rosset et al. 2009 [190]
Active (mucosal)	Salmonella expressing PrP	Four oral vaccinations with live salmonella; 2 with dead Challenge via oral lavage	100% of mice expressing high IgA and IgG and 33% of mice with high-IgG and low-IgA symptom-free after 400 days	Goñi et al. 2008 [191]