Table 6.

Summary of secondary efficacy variables.

Variable	Description	Scale
Posture	Cat's mobility and posture within the cage	(1) Normal
		(2) Mildly abnormal
		(3) Moderately abnormal
		(4) Severely abnormal
Behavior	Cat's overall comfort, levels of aggression and vocalization, and ease of handling	Behavior as viewed from a distance
		(1) Appears comfortable
		(2) Questionable comfort
		(3) Distressed animal
		Behavior following social interaction
		(1) Normal
		(2) Mildly abnormal
		(3) Moderately abnormal
		(4) Severely abnormal
Pain on palpation	Amount of pressure applied to sites adjacent to incisions that elicited a pain response (e.g., withdrawal of paw, discomfort, or vocalization).	Paw onychectomy. Pressure assessed using a Palpometer∗. Response based on audio feedback:
		(1) 5 beeps (greatest recorded pressure)
		(2) 4 beeps
		(3) 3 beeps
		(4) 2 beeps
		(5) 1 beep (lightest recorded pressure)
		Castration or ovariohysterectomy skin incision. Based on subjective evaluation:
		(1) Significant pressure
		(2) Moderate pressure
		(3) Slight pressure
Overall pain control	Subjective overall assessment	(1) Well controlled
		(2) Moderately controlled
		(3) Poorly controlled

*The index finger mounted device (Palpometer, University of Victoria Innovation and Development Corp. Victoria, BC, Canada) scores of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 beeps corresponded to pressures of 200, 300, 450, 600, and 800 gf/cm², respectively [22]. All devices were calibrated before use.