Table 2.

Cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in the respiratory epithelium and submucosa.

Cytokines and receptors		Atopic asthma	Nonatopic asthma
Th1	γ IFN (sputum)	++	++ [39]
	IL-2 (BAL fluid)	+	++ [38]
	IL-2R+	+	+ [38]
Th2	IL-4	++ +/−	++ [8]
	IL-4α receptor	++	++ [8]
	IL-5	++ +/−	++ [8]
	IL-5α receptor	++	++ [8]
	IL-10 (sputum)	++	+ [40]
	IL-13	++	++ [37]
	GMCSF	++	++ [37, 39]
Th1 & Th2	IL3	++	++ [37]
Macrophage	GMCSFR-α	+	+++ [22]