Table 3.

Dipstick urine analysis of the different affections of kidney.

Test	Renal affections
	“End-stage” kidneys	Hydronephrosis	Renomegaly	Nephritis	Nephrolithiasis	Nephrocalcinosis	Renal cyst
Colour	Clear	Brownish red	Clear	Clear	Clear	Clear	Straw coloured
Specific gravity	1.007–1.012	≥1.030	1.012	1.014	1.013	1.016	1.021
pH	6.9–7.8	6.0	7.6	7.4	7.2	6.8	6.2
Protein (mg/L)	150–300	100	225	100	250	200	−ve
Glucose (mg/dL)	200–350	100 mg/dL	75	50	225	25	−ve
Ketone	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
Bilirubin	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
Blood	Negative	50 RBCs/μL	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative
Urobilinogen	Negative	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal