Table 4.
Urine sediment examination results in different affections of kidney.
| Element | Renal affections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “End-stage” kidneys | Hydronephrosis | Renomegaly | Nephritis | Nephrolithiasis | Nephrocalcinosis | Renal cyst | |
| Epithelial cells | 1-2 per hpf | Very few, transitional | 0–2 per hpf | 3–5 per hpf | 2–5 per hpf | 1-2 per hpf | 0–2 per hpf |
| Crystals | Oxalates and triple phosphate crystals | Few, triple phosphate | Negative | Negative | Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals | Few, calcium phosphate | Bilirubin crystals |
| RBC | 2–4 per hpf | Too numerous to count | None | None | 6–8 per hpf | None | None |
| WBC | 4–6 per hpf | 15–30 per hpf | 2-3 per hpf | 3–5 per hpf | 4–6 per hpf | Negative | Negative |
| Debris | None | Large amount | None | None | Very few | None | None |
| Casts | Few hyaline casts | Occasional epithelioids with white and red cell casts | Epithelial cell casts | Hyaline (very rare) | Few, Granular casts | None | None |