Table 2.

Outcome variables

Outcomes	Variables	Codes	Source of information
PRIMARY OUTCOME
Caries increment in child*
	Number of new carious teeth (△dmft)	Continuous	Dental examination
	Any new carious teeth (△dmft >0 or = 0)	Dichotomous	Dental examination
Caries free child	dmft = 0 or >0	Dichotomous	Dental examination
SECONDARY OUTCOMES
Change in parental efficacy**
Diet	View on the statement “I can control my child from frequent snacking even when he/she cries for it.”	(1) Decreased;	Questionnaire
		(2) No change;
		(3) Increased
Oral hygiene	View on the statement “I can make sure my child’s teeth are brushed thoroughly twice a day even when I am very busy.”	(1) Decreased;	Questionnaire
		(2) No change;
		(3) Increased
Change in child’s dental behavior
Diet	Frequency of snacking per day	(1) Decreased;	Questionnaire
		(2) No change;
		(3) Increased
Oral hygiene	Frequency of toothbrushing per day	(1) Decreased;	Questionnaire
		(2) No change;
		(3) Increased
	Silness-Löe Plaque Index	Continuous	Dental examination

* dmft refers to decayed, missing, and filled teeth.

**Parental efficacy was measured using five-point Likert scale questions (“strongly agree”, “agree”, “neutral”, “disagree”, and “strongly disagree”).