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. 2013 May 14;13:467. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-467

Table 4.

Mean change at 6th months from baseline in dietary data

 
Intervention
Control
Model 1 (crude)
Model 2 (adjusted)
Model 3 (adjusted)
Model 4 (adjusted)
  Mean ± SE Mean ± SE Difference 95%CI p-value Difference 95%CI p-value Difference 95%CI p-value Difference 95%CI p-value
Energy intake-whole day (kcal)
LOCF1)
−29
±
16
−7
±
17
−22
(−23 to 67)
0.364
−21
(−19 to 61)
0.333
−23
(−18 to 64)
0.283
−27
(−112 to 9)
0.222
CDS2)
−54
±
22
9
±
24
−54
(−10 to 117)
0.114
−50
(− 1 to 108)
0.085
−54
(− 1 to 108)
0.073
−53
(−151 to −12)
0.034
MI3)
−54
±
35
−20
±
38
−34
(−76 to 145)
0.519
−33
(−68 to 134)
0.493
−39
(−62 to 140)
0.420
−52
(−159 to 50)
0.321
Energy intake-breakfast (kcal)
LOCF1)
19
±
11
10
±
12
8
(−41 to 24)
0.619
11
(−41 to 19)
0.480
11
(−41 to 20)
0.505
12
(−56 to 32)
0.598
CDS2)
17
±
15
23
±
17
6
(−39 to 51)
0.793
2
(−43 to 38)
0.909
0
(−42 to 41)
0.986
2
(−50 to 55)
0.922
MI3)
1
±
22
5
±
24
−5
(−59 to 68)
0.891
0
(−65 to 64)
0.988
−3
(−61 to 66)
0.937
2
(−72 to 62)
0.888
Energy intake-lunch (kcal)
LOCF1)
−6
±
10
−6
±
10
0
(−28 to 29)
0.974
−1
(−26 to 27)
0.965
−3
(−24 to 30)
0.829
22
(−17 to 62)
0.567
CDS2)
−13
±
13
−2
±
14
−11
(−27 to 49)
0.570
−11
(−27 to 49)
0.551
−13
(−23 to 49)
0.488
−34
(−13 to 82)
0.178
MI3)
−16
±
21
−12
±
22
−3
(−56 to 64)
0.899
−6
(−48 to 58)
0.808
−11
(−41 to 63)
0.694
−24
(−34 to 80)
0.441
Energy intake-dinner (kcal)
LOCF1)
−23
±
6
−4
±
6
−19
(−35 to −3)
0.031
−19
(−35 to −2)
0.040
−19
(−35 to −3)
0.030
−29
(−48 to −10)
0.007
CDS2)
−29
±
7
2
±
8
−31
(−51 to −11)
0.008
−31
(−51 to −11)
0.007
−37
(−58 to −16)
0.003
−41
(−61 to −20)
0.001
MI3)
−30
±
10
−7
±
11
−23
(−51 to 5)
0.136
−22
(−50 to 6)
0.147
−24
(−50 to 3)
0.110
−24
(−54 to 4)
0.114
Proportion of carbohydrate to total energy intake (%)
LOCF1)
0.0
±
0.3
0.6
±
0.4
0.6
(−0.4 to 1.6)
0.246
0.7
(−0.3 to 1.6)
0.193
0.6
(−0.3 to 1.5)
0.205
0.2
(−1.0 to 1.3)
0.768
CDS2)
0.0
±
0.4
−0.5
±
0.4
0.4
(−0.6 to 1.5)
0.373
0.4
(−0.5 to 1.3)
0.390
0.3
(−0.5 to 1.2)
0.438
−0.3
(−1.1 to 0.6)
0.559
MI3)
−0.1
±
0.7
0.0
±
0.7
0.2
(−2.0 to 2.0)
0.883
0.0
(−2.0 to 2.1)
0.985
−0.1
(−1.8 to 2.0)
0.945
−0.3
(−1.7 to 2.3)
0.764
Proportion of protein to total energy intake (%)
LOCF1)
0.2
±
0.1
0.2
±
0.1
0.0
(−0.3 to 0.3)
0.837
0.0
(−0.4 to 0.3)
0.764
0.1
(−0.4 to 0.2)
0.759
0.1
(−0.3 to 0.5)
0.633
CDS2)
0.3
±
0.1
0.3
±
0.1
0.0
(−0.4 to 0.4)
0.999
0.0
(−0.4 to 0.3)
0.862
0.0
(−0.4 to 0.4)
0.884
0.2
(−0.1 to 0.6)
0.257
MI3)
0.3
±
0.2
0.1
±
0.2
−0.2
(−0.9 to 0.5)
0.512
−0.2
(−0.8 to 0.5)
0.546
−0.2
(−0.8 to 0.5)
0.597
−0.3
(−0.3 to 0.6)
0.825
Proportion of total fat to total energy intake (%)
LOCF1)
−0.2
±
0.3
0.3
±
0.3
−0.6
(−1.3 to 0.1)
0.152
−0.6
(−1.3 to 0.1)
0.111
−0.6
(−1.2 to 0.1)
0.110
−0.3
(−1.2 to 0.5)
0.435
CDS2)
−0.2
±
0.3
0.2
±
0.3
−0.5
(−1.3 to 0.4)
0.282
−0.4
(−1.1 to 0.3)
0.287
−0.3
(−0.9 to 0.3)
0.307
0.1
(−0.6 to −0.7)
0.861
MI3)
−0.2
±
0.6
−0.2
±
0.6
0.0
(−1.9 to 1.8)
0.755
−0.1
(−1.5 to 1.6)
0.941
0.0
(−1.4 to 1.5)
0.953
0.1
(−1.6 to 1.4)
0.900
Vegetable intake-whole day (g)
LOCF1)
35.1
±
5.5
−0.2
±
5.7
35.3
(19.6 to 50.6)
0.000
29.0
(14.9 to 43.1)
0.001
28.6
(14.3 to 42.9)
0.001
25.5
(5.9 to 45.1)
0.021
CDS2)
43.2
±
6.3
5.4
±
7,1
37.8
(19.2 to 56.4)
0.001
31.4
(13.2 to 49.6)
0.003
30.1
(11.6 to 48.7)
0.005
28.6
(8.9 to 48.2)
0.011
MI3)
39.1
±
8.5
−1.4
±
9.3
40.5
(13.2 to 67.9)
0.007
31.6
(8.5 to 56.7)
0.021
31.6
(7.8 to 55.6)
0.024
30.5
(5.6 to 55.4)
0.034
Vegetable intake-breakfast (g)
LOCF1)
16.0
±
2.8
−0.3
±
2.8
16.3
(8.6 to 23.9)
0.001
13.0
(5.9 to 20.0)
0.002
12.7
(6.5 to 18.9)
0.001
14.3
(4.6 to 23.7)
0.001
CDS2)
20.2
±
3.0
0.8
±
3.3
19.4
(10.5 to 28.3)
0.000
14.1
(6.3 to 21.9)
0.003
13.1
(5.3 to 20.9)
0.004
11.5
(1.1 to 21.5)
0.043
MI3)
15.5
±
4.2
−0.5
±
4.5
16.0
(3.9 to 28.3)
0.021
13.0
(−0.3 to 22.5)
0.078
12.7
(−0.2 to 21.3)
0.079
12.5
(−0.3 to 22.7)
0.062
Vegetable intake-lunch (g)
LOCF1)
13.1
±
3.0
0.5
±
3.1
9.5
(4.2 to 21.0)
0.009
9.9
(2.2 to 16.9)
0.020
9.0
(1.7 to 16.4)
0.027
6.0
(4.3 to 16.2)
0.270
CDS2)
15.9
±
3.4
5.1
±
3.8
10.8
(10.8 to 20.8)
0.048
8.5
(−0.4 to 17.5)
0.078
8.0
(−1.2 to 17.2)
0.108
3.6
(−8.0 to 15.1)
0.550
MI3)
15.0
±
4.5
−0.3
±
4.9
15.3
(0.6 to 30.0)
0.042
10.9
(−2.3 to 24.1)
0.113
10.5
(−1.3 to 22.2)
0.106
9.8
(−2.1 to 21.7)
0.134
Vegetable intake-dinner (g)
LOCF1)
6.4
±
2.8
−0.6
±
2.9
7.2
(−0.8 to 14.8)
0.095
5.8
(−1.5 to 13.1)
0.129
5.6
(−1.7 to 12.9)
0.144
4.2
(−4.8 to 13.3)
0.376
CDS2)
5.7
±
3.1
0.1
±
3.4
5.6
(−0.8 to 16.9)
0.093
6.0
(−2.4 to 14.9)
0.177
6.2
(−14.3 to 45.1)
0.174
3.1
(−5.9 to 45.1)
0.491
MI3)
8.3
±
3.9
−1.3
±
4.3
9.7
(−3.4 to 19.8)
0.132
8.2
(−3.4 to 19.8)
0.186
8.0
(−4.6 to 20.7)
0.196
8.2
(−3.8 to 20.2)
0.205
Dietary fiber intake (g)
LOCF1)
0.7
±
0.2
0.1
±
0.2
0.6
(0.1 to 1.0)
0.022
0.5
(0.1 to 0.9)
0.039
0.5
(−0.1 to 1.0)
0.051
0.4
(0.0 to 1.0)
0.241
CDS2)
0.9
±
0.2
0.3
±
0.2
0.6
(0.0 to 1.2)
0.087
0.4
(−0.1 to 1.0)
0.157
0.4
(−0.2 to 1.0)
0.225
0.3
(−0.5 to 1.0)
0.489
MI3) 0.7 ± 0.3 0.1 ± 0.3 0.6 (−1.6 to 0.4) 0.246 0.4 (−1.4 to 0.5) 0.346 0.4 (−1.4 to 0.6) 0.380 0.4 (−1.3 to 0.6) 0.393

SE: standard error, 95%CI: 95% confidence interval, degree of freedom = 18.

# Value of HbA1C is JDS15.

1) LOCF: last observation carried forward (IG: n = 100, CG: n = 93).

2) CDS: complete data set. (IG: n = 84, CG: n = 70).

3) MI: Multiple imputation with all analyzed variables (number of imputations = 200) (IG: n = 100, CG: n = 93).

Model 1: crude.

Model 2: mixed model adjusted for baseline.

Model 3: mixed model adjusted for baseline, gender, age and BMI.

Model 4: mixed model adjusted for baseline, gender, age, BMI, smoking status, exercise status, change of exercise level, family history of type 2 diabetes, and complication.