Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics and nutrient intake profiles
| Placebo (n = 20) | TGD 300 mg/day (n = 20) | TGD 900 mg/day (n = 20) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | ||||
| Sex (male/female) |
9/11 |
14/6 |
12/8 |
0.272 |
| Age (year) |
61.8 ± 8.1 |
62.4 ± 10.3 |
62.7 ± 8.3 |
0.928 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
22.8 ± 4.2 |
25.1 ± 4.8 |
23.2 ± 3.1 |
0.187 |
| HbA1c (%) |
6.9 ± 0.7 |
6.7 ± 0.5 |
6.7 ± 0.4 |
0.319 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) |
141.4 ± 35.3 |
143.8 ± 20.1 |
148.8 ± 23.7 |
0.677 |
| Insulin (mU/mL) |
9.2 ± 8.1 |
13.7 ± 17.5 |
13.2 ± 21.9 |
0.651 |
| Nutrients | ||||
| Energy (Kcal) |
1565 ± 320 |
1768 ± 417 |
1671 ± 321 |
0.203 |
| Protein (g) |
51.3 ± 11.1 |
56.9 ± 11.7 |
52.7 ± 8.4 |
0.203 |
| Fat (g) |
39.8 ± 7.3 |
45.0 ± 10.3 |
39.3 ± 8.2 |
0.069 |
| Cholesterol (mg) |
254 ± 80 |
234 ± 53 |
235 ± 64 |
0.548 |
| Ongoing diabetes therapies, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin injection |
3 (15) |
2 (10) |
6 (30) |
0.235 |
| Metoformin |
5 (25) |
7 (35) |
5 (25) |
0.720 |
| Insulin secretagogue |
13 (65) |
12 (60) |
9 (45) |
0.414 |
| α-Glicosidase inhibitor |
8 (40) |
10 (50) |
10 (50) |
0.765 |
| PPAR-γ antagonist |
5 (25) |
5 (25) |
5 (25) |
1.000 |
| ≥2 diabetes drugs |
11 (55) |
11 (55) |
9 (45) |
0.766 |
| Lifestyle modification only | 2 (4) | 1 (5) | 2 (4) | 0.804 |
TGD, transglucosidase; HbA1c, glycolated hemoglobin.