Table 5.
Type II Intermediate and final diabetes related complications outcome indicators (1996–2007)
| Intermediate | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2007 | Difference (1996–2007)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
HbA1c ≤7% |
43.0% |
49.2% |
56.1% |
53.4% |
59.0% |
16.0 (15–17) |
|
HbA1c ≥10% |
10.1 |
6.4 |
5.3 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
5.5 (4.9–6.1) |
|
HDL Cholesterol >40mg/dl or >35mg/dl if >65 years |
83.1 |
77.5 |
80.0 |
83.1 |
84.7 |
1.6 (1.3–1.9) |
|
Total Cholesterol <250 mg/dl |
75.0 |
75.4 |
83.1 |
78.0 |
77.5 |
2.5 (2.1–2.9) |
|
BMI <30 |
62.2 |
59.3 |
62.0 |
56.8 |
48.9 |
13.3 (12.4–14.2) |
|
Blood presure <140/90mmHg |
59.1 |
53.6 |
59.6 |
63.1 |
65.1 |
6.0 (5.3–6.7) |
|
Active smoking |
15.4 |
16.5 |
15.9 |
14.8 |
11.1 |
4.3(3.7–4.9) |
|
Final |
1996 |
1998 |
2000 |
2002 |
2007 |
Difference 1996–2007 |
|
Diabetic retinopathy |
34.3% |
25.8% |
22.7% |
17.0% |
15.6% |
18.7 (17.6–19.8)* |
|
Diabetic foot ulcers |
5.7 |
4.1 |
6.6 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.6 (2.2–3.0)* |
|
Amputation: lower limb |
2.4 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
1.9 (1.5–2.3)* |
|
Microalbuminuria or proteinuria |
15.0 |
26.9 |
37.9 |
21.4 |
16.7 |
1.7 (1.3–2.1)* |
|
Cardiovascular: Stoke, MI |
21.4 |
18.8 |
19.0 |
18.1 |
14.5 |
6.9 (6.2–7.6)* |
| Hospital admission with blood glucose >500mg/dl: amputation, ketosis, hypoglycemia and other | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) |
Source: Franch-Nadal F.J. et al. [35].
Note: * all differences 1996–2007 are significant.