Table 1. Baseline characteristics for the case-cohort of EPIC-Potsdam.
| Characteristic | Random subcohort | Incident cases of Type 2 diabetes |
| No. of participants | 1,968 | 578 |
| Sex (% male) | 37.0 | 58.8 |
| Age (years) | 49.4±9.0 | 54.6±7.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9±4.2 | 30.4±4.5 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.2±12.6 | 100.1±12.2 |
| Body height (cm) | 167.6±8.5 | 168.6±8.7 |
| Prevalent hypertension (%) | 30.5 | 58.0 |
| Moderate alcohol consumption (% 10–40 g/d) | 33.8 | 30.8 |
| Former smoker (%) | 31.4 | 44.3 |
| Current smoker (%≥20 units/d) | 5.7 | 9.2 |
| Intake of wholegrain bread (50 g portion/d) | 0.9±1.1 | 0.8±0.9 |
| Coffee consumption (150 ml cup/d) | 2.8±2.1 | 2.7±2.1 |
| Intake of red meat (150 g portion/d) | 0.3±0.2 | 0.3±0.2 |
| Physical activity (h/week) | 6.2±5.9 | 6.0±5.8 |
| Score points GDRS | 441.1±120.9 | 595.0±99.4 |
| Biochemical markers | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.42 (6.40–6.45) | 7.13 (7.06–7.19) |
| Random glucose (mg/dl) | 95.0 (94.3–95.8) | 110.1 (108.3–112.0) |
| Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 7.25 (7.10–7.41) | 5.10 (4.91–5.30) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51.4 (50.7–51.9) | 42.8 (41.9–43.6) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 104.7 (102.1–107.4) | 166.2 (158.8–173.9) |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | 0.72 (0.68–0.77) | 1.73 (1.56–1.92) |
| γ-glutamyltransferase (U/l) | 17.9 (17.3–18.6) | 33.4 (31.3–35.6) |
| alanine-aminotransferase (U/l) | 19.4 (19.0–19.9) | 29.1 (27.9–30.5) |
| Genetic risk score (20 SNPs) | 19.2±2.9 | 19.8±2.9 |
| Genetic risk score (42 SNPs) | 42.6±4.2 | 43.7±4.0 |
Presented values are means ± standard deviation (SD) and for biochemical markers geometric means are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).