Table 2.
Unadjusted and fully adjusted associations of patient and clinical characteristics with alcohol use following medical-surgical intensive care unit admissiona
| Adjusted for Patient Characteristics | Adjusted for Hospitalization Characteristics and Post-ICU Cognition | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| β Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
| In-hospital probable acute stress disorder | 2.1 (0.4, 3.8)* | 3.0 (1.0, 5.1)† |
| Baseline unhealthy alcohol use | 5.5 (3.8, 7.3)‡ | 5.5 (3.6, 7.5)‡ |
| Age | 0.002 (−0.04, 0.1) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.1) |
| Male | −0.1 (−1.2, 1.0) | 0.2 (−1.0, 1.4) |
| Non-white | −0.7 (−2.0, 0.6) | −0.8 (−2.2, 0.7) |
| Education less than high school | 0.8 (−0.9, 2.4) | 0.9 (−1.1, 2.8) |
| Married | −1.0 (−2.1, 0.1) | −1.1 (−2.4, 0.1) |
| Illicit drug problem at baseline | −0.9 (−2.7, 0.9) | −0.9 (−3.1, 1.3) |
| Lifetime history of major depression | −0.04 (−1.3, 1.2) | 0.2 (−1.2, 1.6) |
| Prior traumatic event exposure | −0.02 (−0.2, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.3) |
| SAPS II | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.04) | |
| MV duration | ||
| 1 – 2 days | −1.0 (−3.3, 1.4) | |
| 2 – 4 days | −1.3 (−4.5, 1.8) | |
| > 4 days | −0.9 (−4.2, 2.4) | |
| Number of major surgeries | ||
| 1 | −1.2 (−2.7, 0.3) | |
| 2 | −1.2 (−3.6, 1.1) | |
| > 2 | −2.6 (−5.1, −0.1)* | |
| Number of blood product transfusions | ||
| 1 – 2 | 0.6 (−1.2, 2.3) | |
| 2 – 3 | −1.5 (−7.5, 4.5) | |
| > 3 | −0.2 (−4.0, 3.5) | |
| Probable delirium | −0.3 (−2.0, 1.3) | |
| Days physically restrained | ||
| 1 – 3 days | 2.9 (0.8, 5.0)† | |
| 3 – 6 days | 2.7 (−0.4, 5.9) | |
| > 6 days | 1.0 (−2.4, 4.5) | |
| Days of benzodiazepines | ||
| 1 – 3 days | −0.6 (−2.2, 0.9) | |
| 3 – 7.3 days | −2.0 (−4.3, 0.2) | |
| > 7.3 days | 1.2 (−1.3, 3.6) | |
| Days of opioids | ||
| 5 – 10 days | 1.7 (−0.1, 3.4) | |
| 10 – 19 days | 0.6 (−1.5, 2.6) | |
| > 19 days | 1.5 (−1.3, 4.3) | |
| Days of antipsychotics | ||
| 1.3 – 4.5 days | 0.6 (−2.2, 3.4) | |
| 4.5 – 9 days | −2.1 (−5.1, 1.0) | |
| > 9 days | −0.4 (−3.5, 2.6) | |
| Days of antidepressants | ||
| 3.8 – 9 days | −1.3 (−3.8, 1.2) | |
| 9 –16 days | 0.03 (−2.4, 2.5) | |
| > 16 days | −1.9 (−5.0, 1.3) | |
| Post-ICU TICSm scores | 0.1 (−0.04, 0.2) | |
Abbreviations (in alphabetic order): MV = mechanical ventilation; ICU = intensive care unit; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; TICSm = Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.
a
The dependent variable of the mixed-model regression analyses above are the repeated measures of alcohol use at 3 and 12 months following medical-surgical ICU admission. The β coefficients can be interpreted as mean change in AUDIT scores.
*
P < 0.05
†
P < 0.01
‡
P < 0.001