Table 3. Brain Activity During Observed Exclusion vs. Inclusion Correlated With: (A) Concurrent, and (B) Changes in, Empathic Ability.
| (A) Concurrent empathy ability | (B) Changes in empathic ability | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Region | BA | [x y z] | t(14) | r | p | BA | [x y z] | t(14) | r | p | ||
| Empathic Concern subscale of IRI | ||||||||||||
| DMPFC | 8 | R | [4 54 42] | 4.70 | .78 | <.0005 | 8 | R | [10 44 42] | 9.01 | .92 | <.0001 |
| 8 | L | [−20 44 38] | 4.39 | .76 | <.0005 | 8 | R | [4 54 42] | 5.00 | .80 | <.0001 | |
| MPFC | 10 | R | [20 68 12] | 4.26 | .75 | <.0005 | 10 | L | [−2 66 2] | 4.19 | .75 | <.0005 |
| 10 | L | [−2 66 24] | 4.08 | .74 | <.001 | |||||||
| TPJ | 40 | L | [−40 −52 40] | 3.85 | .72 | <.001 | 40 | R | [54 −52 38] | 4.53 | .77 | <.0005 |
| 40 | L | [−44 −50 40] | 3.39 | .67 | <.005 | |||||||
| Temporal pole | 38 | R | [44 12 −36] | 3.13 | .64 | <.005 | ||||||
| 38/47 | L | [−36 20 −28] | 5.02 | .80 | <.0001 | |||||||
| AI | R | [44 30 −10] | 4.85 | .79 | <.0005 | R | [44 24 −10] | 8.65 | .92 | <.0001 | ||
| L | [−42 14 −14] | 4.39 | .76 | <.0005 | ||||||||
| subACC | 25/11 | L | [−8 30 −12] | 3.30 | .66 | <.005 | ||||||
| Personal Distress subscale of IRI | ||||||||||||
| DMPFC | 9 | L | [−2 64 30] | 4.21 | .75 | <.0005 | 9 | L | [−2 64 30] | 4.33 | .76 | <.0005 |
| 8 | L | [−4 54 44] | 3.94 | .73 | <.001 | 8 | L | [−4 54 48] | 4.06 | .74 | <.001 | |
| AI | R | [36 20 −6] | 3.29 | .66 | <.005 | R | [36 20 −6] | 3.29 | .66 | <.005 | ||
| L | [−38 14 −10] | 3.39 | .67 | <.005 | L | [−40 12 −12] | 3.34 | .67 | <.005 | |||
| L | [−36 32 −14] | 3.46 | .68 | <.005 | ||||||||
| Perspective Taking subscale of IRI | ||||||||||||
| MPFC | 10 | R | [2 68 4] | 3.82 | .71 | <.001 | ||||||
| Precuneus | 7 | R | [4 −70 64] | 3.17 | .65 | <.005 | 7 | R | [2 −68 64] | 3.52 | .69 | <.005 |
| TPJ | 40 | L | [−40 −52 44] | 4.11 | .74 | <.001 | ||||||
| AI | R | [50 6 6] | 3.53 | .69 | <.005 | |||||||
Note. Abbreviations: Brodmann’s Area (BA); left/right hemisphere (L/R); MNI coordinates (x y z); t-score of local maxima (t); correlations between regressors and brain activity (r): dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), anterior insula (AI), and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (subACC).